Unit 2 Free Response

Be able to draw an osteon and label all components.

Be able to draw a long bone and label all components.

What are the types of marrow cavities?

• red and yellow bone marrow 

What is the composition of red marrow? What is its function? Location?

• Composed of blood connective tissue

• produces red and white blood cells

• found in Ephysis of long bones

What is the composition of yellow marrow? What is its function? Location?

• composed of adipose connective tissue

• function is long term energy storage

• found in medullary canal

Explain how intramembranous ossification occurs.

1. cluster around blood vessels

2. secrete a collagen and calcium matrix

3. calcium salts crystallize 

4. trabeculare become denser and forms a thin outer layer of compact bone CT

5. Remodeling occurs via ostelasts 

6. original sac becomes the periosteum (membrane that surrounds the bone)

Explain how endochondral ossification occurs.

1. Hyaline cartilage CT “template” forms first 

2. formation of the primary ossification center in the diaphysis 

3. Osteoblasts are going to produce spongy bone CT in the primary ossification center

4. Osteoblasts make compact bone CT beneath the periosteum (or around spongy bone CT)

5. Osteoclasts break down spongy bone CT forming the medullary canal

6. Osteoblasts make spongy bone CT in the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis 

7. Epiphyseal growth plate is formed between the diaphysis and the epiphysis 

Compare and contrast cartilage and bone tissue. Make sure to include location of tissue, mature cell type, location of mature cell, matrix composition, strength, flexibility, and vascularization.

1. Cartilage tissue

a) Location: nose, ears, joints, trachea, rib cage, vertebrae 

b) Mature cell type: chondrocytes 

c) Location of mature cell: chondrocytes in lacunae

d) Matrix comp: collagen fibers, elastic fibers

e) Moderately strong 

f) Flexible 

g) Avascular 

2. bone tissue

a) Bones of the skeleton 

b) Osteocyte 

c) Osteocytes in lacunae 

d) Collagen fibers 

e) Very strong 

f) Vascular 

Be able to draw a knee joint and label all components. Know the histology and function of all components.

1. Articular Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage 

2. Medial & Lateral Meniscus: Fibrocartilage 

3. Tiba & Fibula: Bone tissue

4. Ligaments: Dense regular connective tissue 

5. Joint capsule: Dense regular connective 

6. Synovial Membrane: Areolar connective tissue

What are the connective tissues that surround muscle? 

1. Epimysium

2. perimysium

3. endomysium 

What is epimysium? What is its histology?

1. Superficial fascia that surrounds the whole muscle 

2. dense reg CT

What is the perimysium? What is its histology?

1. Internal fascia the surround bundles of parallel fiber; forms fascicles 

2. dense reg ct

What is the endomysium? What is its histology?

1. Surrounds each individual fiber (muscle cell)

2. areolar ct

What is a muscle agonist? Synergist? Antagonist?

1. Agonist (prime mover) - main muscle that generates a particular movement (action)

2. Synergist: helper muscle to the prime mover

3. Antagonist: opposite movement to the prime mover; reverse original movement