BBH 119 Final

Predisposing factors

Knowledge beliefs and attitudes that influence whether a person is motivated to change a behavior

Enabling factors

Skills resources and physical or mental capacities that allow a person to carry out a health behavior

Reinforcing factors

Feedback or rewards that encourage continuation of a behavior

Intrinsic motivation

Internal desire to change based on personal values or satisfaction

Extrinsic motivation

Motivation driven by external rewards praise or recognition

SMART goals

Goals that are specific measurable achievable relevant and time based

Behavioral model

Health model that emphasizes changing behavior through rewards and reinforcement

Medical model

Health model that views behavior as caused by forces beyond individual control

Compensatory model

Health model that places responsibility on individuals to gain skills or resources to overcome health problems

Transtheoretical model

Model of behavior change describing stages individuals move through when changing behavior

Precontemplation stage

Stage where a person is not considering change

Contemplation stage

Stage where a person is thinking about change

Preparation stage

Stage where a person plans to take action

Action stage

Stage where a person actively changes behavior

Maintenance stage

Stage where a person works to sustain behavior change

Gender health paradox

Concept that men die earlier while women experience more illness

Gender norms

Social expectations that influence health behaviors and health care use

Health care utilization

Frequency and manner in which individuals use health services

Positive psychology

Study of strengths and factors that help individuals thrive and live meaningful lives

Emotional intelligence

Ability to recognize understand and manage emotions in oneself and others

Health benefits of emotional intelligence

Reduced stress anxiety and depression and faster recovery from illness

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Theory that human motivation progresses from basic needs to self actualization

Self actualization

Achieving personal growth fulfillment and purpose

Abnormal behavior

Patterns of behavior that are distressing dysfunctional or deviant

Mental disorder

Clinically significant disturbance in thinking emotion or behavior

Limbic system

Brain system involved in emotion motivation and memory

Amygdala

Brain structure involved in fear and anxiety responses

Hippocampus

Brain structure involved in memory and mood regulation

Ventricles

Fluid filled spaces in the brain associated with schizophrenia when enlarged

Brain pruning

Elimination of unused neural connections during adolescence

Myelination

Process that increases efficiency of neural signaling

Anxiety disorders

Disorders characterized by excessive fear worry or avoidance

Generalized anxiety disorder

Persistent excessive worry about many aspects of life

Panic disorder

Sudden episodes of intense fear with physical symptoms

Social anxiety disorder

Fear of social situations due to fear of judgment

Specific phobia

Intense fear of a specific object or situation

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Disorder involving intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Therapy that focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors

Pharmaceutical treatment

Use of medications to manage mental health disorders

Stress

Physical and psychological response to perceived challenges or threats

Eustress

Positive stress that enhances performance

Distress

Negative stress caused by harmful events

Neustress

Stress from neutral events that still evoke emotional response

Acute stressors

Short term stressors such as public speaking

Brief stressors

Stressors like exams or deadlines

Life change events

Predictable major life transitions

Chronic stressors

Long term ongoing stressors

Distant stressors

Past traumatic events with lasting effects

HPA axis

Hormonal system regulating stress response and cortisol production

Cortisol

Stress hormone with widespread effects on the body

Emotion focused coping

Managing emotional response to stress

Problem focused coping

Taking action to change the stressor

Complete protein

Protein source containing all essential amino acids

Complementary protein

Combination of proteins that together supply essential amino acids

Obesity epidemic

Rapid increase in obesity due to environmental behavioral and social factors

Gastric bypass

Surgical procedure reducing stomach size and nutrient absorption

Banding

Surgical placement of an adjustable band around the stomach

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty

Non surgical stomach reduction using sutures

Duodenal switch

Surgery removing part of the stomach and bypassing intestine

Physical activity

Any movement that increases energy expenditure

Physical fitness

Ability to perform daily tasks with vigor

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Ability of heart lungs and blood vessels to supply oxygen

Muscular strength

Maximum force a muscle can produce

Muscular endurance

Ability to perform repeated muscle contractions

Flexibility

Ability to move joints through full range of motion

Body composition

Proportion of fat and lean mass

METs

Measure of energy expenditure compared to rest

Moderate intensity activity

Activity burning three to six times resting energy

Vigorous intensity activity

Activity burning more than six times resting energy

Overload principle

Body adapts only when challenged beyond usual levels

Reversibility principle

Fitness gains are lost with inactivity

FITT VP principle

Frequency intensity time type volume and progression

Aerobic exercise

Activity using oxygen to produce energy

Anaerobic exercise

High intensity activity where oxygen supply is insufficient

Intimate relationships

Close emotional bonds not necessarily sexual

Sternberg love triangle

Theory of love based on intimacy passion and commitment

Mature love

Balanced combination of intimacy passion and commitment

Biological sex

Physical characteristics assigned at birth

Gender identity

Internal sense of gender

Cisgender

Gender identity matches biological sex

Transgender

Gender identity differs from biological sex

Gender congruence

Alignment between gender identity and expression

Hormonal contraception

Birth control using synthetic hormones

Oral contraceptives

Pills preventing ovulation

Monophasic pills

Pills delivering constant hormone levels

Multiphasic pills

Pills mimicking natural hormone fluctuations

Contraceptive patch

Hormonal patch applied to skin

Vaginal ring

Hormonal ring inserted into vagina

Long acting reversible contraceptives

Highly effective long term birth control methods

Intrauterine device

Device placed in uterus to prevent pregnancy

Contraceptive implant

Rod placed under skin releasing hormones

Contraceptive injection

Hormonal shot preventing ovulation

Barrier contraceptives

Methods that block sperm from egg

Male condom

Sheath worn on penis to prevent pregnancy and STIs

Female condom

Barrier worn inside vagina

Spermicides

Chemicals that kill sperm

Diaphragm

Dome shaped barrier covering cervix

Human papillomavirus

Common STI linked to several cancers

HIV

Virus that attacks immune system T cells

Acute HIV infection

Early stage with flu like symptoms