BLOOD PRESSURE MEDICATIONS

Benazepril

Lotensin — ACE inhibitor

Benazepril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Benazepril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Enalapril

Vasotec, Epaned — ACE inhibitor

Enalapril PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Enalapril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Fosinopril

Monopril — ACE inhibitor

Fosinopril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Fosinopril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Lisinopril

Prinivil, Zestril, Qbrelis — ACE inhibitor

Lisinopril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Lisinopril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Quinapril

Accupril — ACE inhibitor

Quinapril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Quinapril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Ramipril

Altace — ACE inhibitor

Ramipril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the production of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Ramipril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury, dry cough — Do not give to pregnant women

Irbesartan

Avapro — Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Irbesartan PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the activities of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Irbesartan Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury — Do not give to pregnant women

Losartan

Cozaar — Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Losartan PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the activities of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Losartan Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury — Do not give to pregnant women

Olmesartan

Benicar — Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Olmesartan PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the activities of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Olmesartan Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury — Do not give to pregnant women

Valsartan

Diovan — Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Valsartan PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Blocks the activities of the hormone angiotensin II — Reduces blood pressure, provides kidney protection, reduces heart failure progression

Valsartan Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of angioedema, fetal malformation — Hypotension, high blood potassium, acute kidney injury — Do not give to pregnant women

Spironolactone

Aldactone, CaroSpir — Aldosterone receptor antagonist / potassium-sparing diuretic

Spironolactone PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure by blocking the activities of the hormone aldosterone — Reduces blood pressure, reduces heart failure progression

Spironolactone Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, high blood potassium, gynecomastia, menstrual changes — No special considerations

Amlodipine

Norvasc, Katerzia — Calcium channel blocker (CCB, dihydropyridine)

Amlodipine PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure by vasodilation of arteries — Reduces blood pressure or chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Amlodipine Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, peripheral edema — No special considerations

Nifedipine

Procardia, Adalat CC, Nifedical XL — Calcium channel blocker (CCB, dihydropyridine)

Nifedipine PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure or chronic stable angina (chest pain) — Reduces blood pressure or chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Nifedipine Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, peripheral edema — Extended-release version should NOT be chewed or opened

Chlorthalidone

Thalitone — Thiazide diuretic

Chlorthalidone PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure by increasing urine output and vasodilation — Reduces blood pressure

Chlorthalidone Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, electrolyte depletion, gout exacerbation — DO NOT GIVE if patient cannot produce urine or has poor renal function

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Microzide, HydroDiuril — Thiazide diuretic

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure by increasing urine output and vasodilation — Reduces blood pressure

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, electrolyte depletion, gout exacerbation — DO NOT GIVE if patient cannot produce urine or has poor renal function

Clonidine

Catapres, Kapvay — α2-agonist

Clonidine PO/Function/Common Use

PO, PATCH — Reduces blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity — Reduces blood pressure, sometimes ADHD

Clonidine Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, dry mouth — No special considerations

Guanfacine

Intuniv — α2-agonist

Guanfacine PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity — Reduces blood pressure

Guanfacine Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia — No special considerations

Furosemide

Lasix — Loop diuretic

Furosemide PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Promotes urine output; can reduce blood pressure — Heart failure exacerbation, fluid overload (peripheral or pulmonary edema)

Furosemide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

RARE: ototoxicity — Hypotension, dehydration, acute kidney injury, low blood potassium — DO NOT GIVE if patient cannot produce urine

Torsemide

Demadex — Loop diuretic

Torsemide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Promotes urine output; can reduce blood pressure — Heart failure exacerbation, fluid overload (peripheral or pulmonary edema)

Torsemide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

RARE: ototoxicity — Hypotension, dehydration, acute kidney injury, low blood potassium — DO NOT GIVE if patient cannot produce urine

Atenolol

Tenormin — Beta-1 blocker

Atenolol PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces heart rate by blocking beta-1 receptors to reduce blood pressure — Tachycardia, post-myocardial infarction, chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Atenolol Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Heart block (bradycardia) — Hypotension, bradycardia, shortness of breath — No special considerations

Carvedilol

Coreg, Coreg XL — Beta-1, α1-blocker

Carvedilol PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces heart rate to reduce blood pressure; causes vasodilation by alpha-1 blocking — Tachycardia, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Carvedilol Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Heart block (bradycardia) — Hypotension, bradycardia, shortness of breath — No special considerations

Labetalol

Normodyne, Trandate — β1/β2-blocker and α1-blocker

Labetalol PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Reduces heart rate to reduce blood pressure; causes vasodilation by alpha-1 blocking — Tachycardia, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Labetalol Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Heart block (bradycardia) — Hypotension, bradycardia, shortness of breath — IV has more blood pressure effects

Metoprolol

Lopressor, Toprol XL — Beta-1 blocker

Metoprolol PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces heart rate by blocking beta-1 receptors to reduce blood pressure — Tachycardia, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic stable angina (chest pain)

Metoprolol Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Heart block (bradycardia) — Hypotension, bradycardia, shortness of breath — No special considerations

Diltiazem

Cardizem, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Tiazac — Calcium channel blocker (CCB, non-dihydropyridine)

Diltiazem PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Reduces heart rate by blocking calcium channels and therefore reduces blood pressure — Tachycardia

Diltiazem Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Bradycardia — Dizziness, drowsiness — No special considerations

Verapamil

Calan — Calcium channel blocker (CCB, non-dihydropyridine)

Verapamil PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces heart rate by blocking calcium channels and therefore reduces blood pressure — Tachycardia

Verapamil Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Bradycardia — Dizziness, drowsiness; CONSTIPATION — No special considerations

Lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide

Prinzide, Zestoretic — Combination ACE inhibitor + thiazide diuretic

Lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide

Hyzaar — Combination ARB + thiazide diuretic

Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Olmesartan-hydrochlorothiazide

Benicar HCT — Combination ARB + thiazide diuretic

Olmesartan-hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Olmesartan-hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide

Diovan HCT — Combination ARB + thiazide diuretic

Valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Amlodipine-Benazepril

Lotrel — Combination calcium channel blocker (CCB) + ACE inhibitor

Amlodipine-Benazepril PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Amlodipine-Benazepril Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide

Dyazide, Maxzide — Combination thiazide + potassium-sparing diuretic

Triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Atenolol-Chlorthalidone

Tenoretic — Combination β-blocker (β1 selective) + thiazide diuretic

Atenolol-Chlorthalidone PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Atenolol-Chlorthalidone Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided

Bisoprolol-Hydrochlorothiazide

Ziac — Combination β-blocker (β1 selective) + thiazide diuretic

Bisoprolol-Hydrochlorothiazide PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Reduces blood pressure — Reduces blood pressure

Bisoprolol-Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— — No special considerations provided