Studied by 18 people
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex
A region of the brain that does decision making and empathy. Involved in risk taking and stereotypes.
Basal Ganglia
A region of the brain that sits on the thalamus. It’s responsible for initiating movement and balance. Parkinson’s and Huntington’s result from problems.
Thalamus
A region of the brain that sits on top of the midbrain. It’s a relay station for sensory and motor signals (except smell).
Hippocampus
A region of the brain responsible for holding, but not storing, short term memory. It’s not fully formed until 2 years old and can be inhibited by stress. Damage leads to the inability to form new memories.
Amygdala
A region of the brain involved in noticing salient, or noticeable, stimuli. It’s used in fear and aggression.
Hypothalamus
A region of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature. 4 F’s: Fight, flight, feeding, and fornication. Also regulates the circadian rhythm.
Pituitary Gland
Regulates all hormones relevant to the hypothalamus.
Nucleus Accumbans
A region of the brain responsible for pleasure and reward, and so is linked to addiction. It’s very active with socializing.
Midbrain
Works as a relay station between the cerebellum and other hind brain areas or fore brain. Also involved in endorphins for pain.
Pons
Connects the cerebellum to the hind brain and is involved in crossing signals from the left side of the body to the right side of the brain. Is also involved in sleep.
Medulla elongoda
Uses cranial nerves to control blood pressure, heat beat, and coughing.
Reticular formation
Responsible for arousal, awakeness, or a lack thereof: sleep.
Cerebellum
There are more nerves here than the rest of the brain. It’s responsible for movement, aiming, posture, coordination, and attention. It’s also involved in classical conditioning. Problems here result in depression, schizophrenia, and possibly autism.
Corpus callosum
A bundle of nerves that connect the two hemispheres of the brain. Surgically severing this results in a split brain patient.
Cerebral cortex or cerebrum
The main region of the brain containing the four main lobes.
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for higher order thinking, decision making, planning, personality, and self-consciousness.
Phineas Gage
Destroyed much of his frontal cortex in an incident with a railroad spike, resulting in loss of personality and impulse control.
Parietal Lobe
Responsible for sensation, the sense of touch. Different neurons are responsible for different types and depths of sensation. It also has the center for taste.
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for vision, the sense of sight. Has different neurons for different types of sight (light vs dark).
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for hearing. The left hemisphere of this has language processing in the auditory cortex.
Primary visual cortex
A region in the occipital region that processes sight.
Primary Somotosensory Cortex
A region of the brain in the parietal lobe responsible for touch, pain, skin temperature, and body position
Primary Motor Cortex
A region of the frontal lobe that is responsible for body movement.
Broca’s area
A region of the left frontal cortex responsible for speaking.
Prefrontal Cortex
A region of the frontal cortex responsible for planning behavior, attention, and judgement.
Wernicke’s Area
A region of the left temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension and processing.
Association cortex
The space in the brain not responsible for a specific task, but rather connection around the brain.
Orbitalfrontal cortex
A region of the frontal cortex responsible for emotion and social behavior.
Gyri or Gyrus
The folds in the brain that allow it to fit in the skull.
Ventricals
Empty spaces in the brain filled with cerebral spinal fluid
Meninges
Tissue or cushioning between the brain and the skull.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Protected by bone: skull and vertebrae.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of nerves branching off the CNS into the rest of the body. Not encased in bone.
