DANB ICE test review (study guide for ICE exam)

OPIM:

other potential infectious material

When Should Masks be Worn:

during all times when splash, splatter, spray and aerosols may occur

OSHA Regulations Mandates that Lab Coats be Laundered by who

clinic or outside facility hired by clinic

Bioburden:

debris, microorganisms left on surfaces, (such as saliva and blood)

Antibiotics:

kills microbes in our body

Antiseptics:

kills microbes on skin or body surface

Disinfectants:

kills microbes on inanimate surfaces, prevent future growth

Sterilants:

kills ALL microbes on inanimate surfaces

Sterilant/HIGH LEVEL Disinfectant:

kills all microbes on inanimate objects, (heat resistant object)

Intermediate Level Disinfectant:

kills vegetative bacteria, fungi, virus, M., tuberculosis

Low-Level Disinfectant:

kills most vegetative bacteria, some fungi & some viruses, NOT tuberculosis

Virucidal:

kills some virsues

Suffix-cidal:

to kill

Bactericidal:

kills some bacteria

Fungicidal:

kills some fungi

Tuberculocidal:

kills tuberculosis bacterium

Sporcidal:

kills high level bacterial endospores, (for non-heat resistant items)

Hospital Disinfectant:

kills 3 main bacteria

Chlorine Compounds:

bleach=sodium hypochlorite, Intermediate level disinfectant at 1:10 to 1:100 dilution, mix fresh daily

Iodophors:

iodine based, most are intermediate level disinfectant, prepare daily, NOT used anymore

Alcohols:

Isopropyl/ethyl- antiseptic and disinfect, rapid evaporation, poor cleaners, NOT used as a surface disinfectant, used as a component in disinfectants

Phenols:

aka- carbolic acid, first widely used disinfectant, intermediate level disinfectant, detergent added to aid w/cleaning, dilute & mix fresh daily

Sterilization:

process intended to kill all microorganisms and is the highest level of microbial kill that can be achieved

Disinfection:

less lethal, kills disease-producing microorganisms but NOT bacterial endospores

Types of Sterilization: (3)

heat, gas, liquid chemical

Categories of Pt Care Items: (3)

critical, semi-critical, non-critical

Critical:

penetrates soft tissue, contacts bone, enters into blood stream, ex. surgical instruments, scalers, scalpels- MUST be cleaned and sterilized by heat

Semi-critical:

contacts mucous membranes, does not penetrate, ex. mouth mirror, impression trays, amalgam condensor- heat resistant items must be cleaned & treated w/ high-level disinfectants

Non-critical:

contacts the skin, ex. blood pressure cuff, stethoscope- items are cleaned and treated with a low-level disinfectant, intermediate-level disinfectant if visible blood

Universal Sterilization:

all reusable instruments and handpieces are sterilized, NOT disinfected, between use on patients

Steps of Sterilization: (7)

transport, cleaning, packaging, sterilization, storage, delivery, quality

Monitoring: (3)

biological, chemical, mechanical

Biological Monitoring:

aka- spore testing, place spore strip into sterilizers, if spores are killed sterilizers are working

Biological spores: (2)

geobacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus atropheus

CDC, ADA Recommend that Testing be Done:

weekly

Employee training on Hazard communication program - staff training is required when?

upon hire, when new chemical is introduced, and once a year thereafter - records of training kept for 5 years

Chemical Monitoring:

use of heat sensitive indicators, pouches w/ dots that change color, tape that change color, colored liquid, NOT an indication of sterilization

Mechanical Monitoring:

use of visible means, watching gauges, recording temps, pressure, exposure times, does NOT indicate sterilization

Microorganisms: (5)

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, prions

Endogenous:

originate within body, not transmitted to another

Exogenous:

orignate outside individuals body, body is invaded; radiation, chemical agents, trauma, extreme temps

Nosocomial:

acquired in a hospital setting

Opportunistic:

occur when body is at weakened state

Asymptomatic Carrier:

persons who have disease agent on or in their system but have no recognizable symptoms of disease

Disease Stages: (4)

incubation, prodromal, acute, convalescent

Types of Transmission: (4)

direct contact, indirect, droplet, airborne, bloodborne

Direct Contact:

by touching an infected person (wiping kids nose)

Indirect Contact:

agents left on surfaces (sneeze, then touch the table)

Droplet Contact:

splash, splatter, spray aerosals (sneeze in hallway, toilet)

Airborne Contact:

agent is inhaled into respiratory system

Bloodborne Contact:

infected blood enters host (blood to blood)

Types of Immunity: (4)

acquried immunity, artificial active immunity, congenital passive immunity, passive

Chain of Infection: (6)

infectious agent, reservoir of source, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Epidemic:

contagious disease infects large # of people rapidly

Pandemic:

world wide epidemic

Types of Waste (6)

contaminated, hazardous, infectious, medical, regulated, toxic

Contaminated Waste:

items have come in contact w/ blood or body secretions

Hazardous Waste:

poses a risk to humans or the environment, need special disposal

Infectious Waste:

aka- regulated waste, capable of causing an infectious disease, needs special disposal

Toxic Waste:

capable of having a poisonous effect, need special disposal

Regulated Waste:

must be placed into biohazard bags/containers, containers are red in color w/ symbol displayed clearly

Pathogenic Waste:

most often teeth, may be tissues also from biopsy, if teeth treated (sterilized) then can go into regular trash

Sharps Container must be:

leak proof, one way, labeled, located close to work area, puncture-proof

Recommendation:

made by groups that have no power to enforce

Regulation:

made by groups that DO have authority/power to enforce

Recommendation Groups:

CDC, ADA, & OSAP

Regulation Groups: (3)

FDA, EPA, & OSHA

Exposure Control Plan MUST be:

a written plan, reviewed & updated annually

Hepatitis B Vaccination:

employer must offer training regarding vaccination, must offer vaccination free of charge to employees

Viral Hepatitis B:

inflammation of liver, spread through skin, mucous membranes, sharps, birth

Symptoms of HBV:

2.5-6 months after exposure, jaundice, dark urine, joint pain, fever

Hepatitis C:

bloodborne transmission, 50% of infected do not realize they have it

Hepatitis D:

complication of Hep B, transmission follows B

Hepatitis A, E:

a- spread by fecal -oral route, vaccine for A, e- contaminated food/water

HIV/AIDS:

intial symptoms 4 weeks after contact, appears 6-12 weeks

Transmission of HIV/AIDS: (3)

sexual contact, exposure to blood, mother to child, NOT by casual contact

MRSA:

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- type of staph that is resistant to certain antibiotics, can affect anyone

Type 1 Herpes:

oral, canker sores, fever blisters, affects mouth, eyes, skin, and genitals, 90% of adults are exposed & harbor

Chicken Pox AKA:

varicella-zoster virus

Secondary Chicken Pox:

shingles, highly contagious

Strep Throat Caution:

can NOT be in clinic, must be on medication for at least 24 hours

Tuberculosis:

lung infection occurs world-wide

Tuberculin Skin Test:

PPD- purified protein derivative

How Can DHCW Prevent these Diseases:

PPE, barriers, universal pre-cautions

Prophylaxis:

premedication for certain medical conditions

Aseptic Technique:

preventing or reducing the spread of microorganisms from one site to another

Pseudomonas:

opportunistic, resistant to chemicals, little evidence of causing disease in DUWL

Legionella:

legionaires disease, type of pneumonia, no cases from DUWL

Define Biofilms:

micoorganisms that accumulate on surfaces inside moist environments, (sticky, slimy substances)

What % of Water in Dental Unit is Stagnant:

99%

Stages of Biofilm: (3)

initial attachment, accumulation, release

Flushing of Water Lines is Recommended by:

ADA

Flush High-speed Handpiece for:

30 seconds

Run Water through Lines for:

2-3 minutes at start of each day

Sterile Water should be Used as a:

coolant during surgical procedures

Minimization of Dental Aerosols & Splatter: (5)

HVE, saliva ejector, use of rubber dam, preprocedure mouth rinse, use of disposables

Disinfection of Dental Impressions should last:

15 minutes

What % of All Waste Materials Generated by a Dental Practice should be Considered as being Infectious:

3%

OSHA was Created in:

1971

Type IV Allergic Reaction:

most common type of latex allergy, delayed contact reaction that involves the immune system, may take 48-72 hours for the red, itchy rash to appear