Cardiology Disorders.pdf

Cardiovascular Disorders

A range of medical conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Hemodynamic Parameters

Measurements that describe the blood flow and pressures in the cardiovascular system.

Cardiac Biomarkers

Substances in the blood that indicate heart muscle damage or stress.

Systolic Heart Failure

Heart failure characterized by the heart’s inability to contract effectively, leading to inadequate blood output.

Diastolic Heart Failure

Heart failure where the heart is unable to relax properly, leading to insufficient filling with blood.

Angina

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A condition caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

A condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high.

Shock

A life-threatening condition resulting from inadequate blood flow to the organs.

Heart Failure

A chronic condition where the heart does not pump blood effectively.

Cardiac Arrest

A sudden cessation of heart function leading to no blood circulation.

Arrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms that can disrupt effective blood circulation.

Troponin

A cardiac biomarker used to diagnose heart muscle damage.

CK-MB

A cardiac enzyme biomarker that helps in diagnosing heart attacks.

Myoglobin

A protein released into the bloodstream indicating muscle damage, including heart damage.

Cardiac Output (CO)

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Ventricular Tachycardia

A fast heart rate originating from the ventricles.

Atrial Fibrillation

An irregular heart rhythm that can lead to blood clots and strokes.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

The pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscle.

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

An average blood pressure in a person’s arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Stroke Volume (SV)

The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one contraction.

Digoxin

A medication used to treat heart failure and certain types of arrhythmias.

Beta-blockers

Medications that reduce blood pressure and heart rate by blocking adrenaline.

ACE Inhibitors

Medications that help lower blood pressure by inhibiting the enzyme that constricts blood vessels.

Lifestyle Changes

Modifications in daily habits aimed at improving health and combating heart diseases.

Echocardiogram

An ultrasound test that looks at the heart's structure and function.

Cardiac Rehabilitation

A program to improve cardiovascular health after heart surgery or a heart attack.

Sedentary Lifestyle

A lifestyle with little or no physical activity, contributing to health issues like heart disease.

Atherosclerosis

The buildup of fats and cholesterol in and on the artery walls.

Chronic Heart Disease

A long-term condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, often requiring ongoing management.

Heart Murmur

An abnormal sound during the heartbeat, often indicative of underlying heart conditions.

Cardiomyopathy

A disease of the heart muscle that affects its size, shape, and ability to pump blood.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A condition where the heart is unable to maintain adequate blood flow, leading to fluid buildup.

Heart Valve Disease

A disorder affecting one or more of the heart's valves, impacting blood flow.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A test that records the electrical activity of the