Classical conditioning AP PSYCH

a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response

neutral stimulus

an event that leads to a certain predictable response usually without any previous training

unconditioned stimulus (US)

a reaction that occurs naturally and automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented, in other words, a reflex

unconditioned response (UR)

neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of trainin in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus (CS)

the learned reation to a conditioned stimulus

conditioned response (CR)

tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditional stimulus

Stimulus generalization

when an organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways

Stimulus discrimination

when the condition response dies out (when you stop pairing the condition stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus)

Extinction

condition response briefly reappears

Spontaneous recovery

money, praise, attention

Secondary reinforce

food, water,

Primary reinforce

do something and that generates a behavior

Positive reinforcement

take something away (not punishment) and ignore

Negative reinforcement

consequence that strengthens a response -> makes it more likely to occur

Reinforcement

learning through voluntary responses and its consequences

Operate condition

to take away people's fears

Systematic desensitization

people who have ____condition, acquire a condition fear by watching somebody respond fearfully to a stimulus (doesn't always happen)

vicarious

acquired fear of a certain situation that produces a negative emotion that others don't always experience

Condition emotional response

consequence that weakness a response -> makes it less likely to occur

Punishment

emphasizes the roles of thinking in social behavior and learning

Cognitive-social learning theory (Albert Bandura)

Sudden understanding of a problem that implies a solution

Insight learning

mental representation of directions (from point A to point B)

Cognitive map (Tolman)

hidden, you know more than you know ; hidden learning that exists without behavioral signs

Latent Learning

learning a new behavior or information by watching others

Observational learning/modeling/secondhand

4 key factors in observational learning (Albert Bandura)

Attention, retention(something important has to be there in order to grasp it), reproduction(imitate), and reinforcement

there's evidence that shows that learning changes your brain structure

Brain growth and learning

help them read facial expression

Mirror neurons (babies)

Humans and animals are born with innate built in reflexes and instincts (studied under the domain of learning)

true

from one taste to never wanting to taste it again because of a negative experience (involuntary)

Taste aversion

the built in readiness to form associations between certain stimuli and responses

Biological preparedness

tendency for our behavior/condition responses to shift back toward built in patterns

Instinctive drift

knowing what's going to happen

Fixed interval

based to time, but do not when it's going to come (reinforcement occurs after varying periods of time)

Variable interval schedule

know the set number of reinforcements you're going to get (reinforcement occurs after a predetermined number of responses)

Fixed ratio schedule

don't know the number of reinforcements you're going to get (reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses)

Variable ratio schedule

Russian physiologist about classical conditioning

Pavlov

NS and US are paired; NS becomes a CS, eliciting a conditioned response

acquisition

NS becomes CS through repeated pairing with a previously conditioned stimulus

Higher-order conditioning

a learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

classical conditioning

case of little albert

john b watson

associated with operent conditioning

Skinner

associated with insight learning??

Kohler??

famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism(consequence of behaviors)

edward thorndike