Osmolarity

Which is the best explanation of osmolarity?

A measure of the concentration of particles in plasma or urine

Which component of plasma is a solvent?

Water

What is the description of diffusion?

Diffusion is the passive movement of solute across a permeable membrane.

What is the goal of hydrostatic pressure in the body?

To have the body reach equilibrium

What is the effect of a hypertonic fluid?

To pull water from the isosmotic fluid space into the hyperosmotic fluid space

What are ways that fluid leaves the body?

Urine
Sweat
Expiration

How does the body maintain homeostasis?

By balancing fluid intake and output

Which mechanism regulates fluid intake in the body?

Thirst

What is the best description of solutes?

Solutes are particles in the plasma and urine that can be measured.

Match the type of fluid movement with its description.

Passive movement of solute across a permeable membrane - Diffusion
Movement of water only through a semi-permeable membrane - Osmosis
Movement of water across a permeable membrane because of water pressure - Filtration

What is the goal of osmosis in the body?

To generate a concentration equilibrium

What can be the effect of a hypotonic fluid on normal cells?

Swelling cells

In normal levels, where should the level of potassium be the highest?

Cells

Which factors are causes of the formation of edema in the body?

Loss of plasma proteins (albumin)
Increased capillary permeability
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex to tell the kidneys to retain water in the body?

Aldosterone hormone

Osmolarity

estimation of the osmolar concentration of plasma and is proportional to the number of particles per liter of solution mOsm/L. derived from Na, K, and glucose

when all fluids are close to 300

they're called isosmotic/ normotonic

solvent

water

solutes

vary in type and amount depending on fluid space. some have electrical charge(electrolytes)

filtration

passage of fluid through cell/blood due to hydrostatic pressure

diffusion

passive movement of solute from high concentration to low

osmosis

movement of water to a high concentration

hypertonic

fluids with high osmolarity
EX. 3% or 5% saline

hypotonic

fluids with low osmolarity
EX IV of .45% saline

fluid balance

intake must= output

fluid output

maintaining urine output

Fluid deficit

dehydration may be caused by too little intake or too great of fluid loss

fluid excess

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma osmotic pressure, obstruction of lymphatic circulation, increased capillary permeability