Fundamentals of Music: Introduction

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23 Terms

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BRACE
________: a sign at the beginning of the grand staff joining the treble and bass staves.
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BAR LINE
________: a vertical line drawn at the beginning of the grand staff before the clef signs, and in the music to assist with counting.
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Pitches descend consecutively
descending by steps
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Pitches ascend consecutively
ascending by steps
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DOUBLE BAR LINE
two bar lines at the end of the staff used to signify the end of a section of music
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In music written for the keyboard, the right hand usually plays
middle C when it is written in the treble clef, and the left hand usually plays middle C when it is written in the bass clef.
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The Grand Staff combines
both the treble and bass clefs.
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Middle C names the ledger line
just below the treble clef and the ledger line just above the bass clef.
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Singing, next to speaking, is
the second most important means of verbal communication.
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Singing is important in all cultures around the world;
melodies run the gamut from religious songs to popular songs, including songs about love, work, nature, and family life.
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Songs are used to inspire
(national anthems or college school songs) and to teach (how to count).
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Songs mark celebrations
like weddings, rites of passage like bar and bat mitzvahs, as well as funerals and processions.
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Singing is an important expressive form
of art along with painting, dancing, drama, poetry, and literature.
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Singing, with its use of language, gives music
a distinctive artistic dimension. Singing, however, may be expressive, even without the use of words (for example, jazz scat singing).
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Singing is an important aid in
the study of music theory and does not require additional resources for practice.
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Musicians in many countries do not use the alphabet to name pitches;
instead, they use syllables, called solfège, or solfeggio
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Guido d’Arezzo, a medieval monk, devised
a syllabic system (or possibly codified it) around the eleventh century. He used the first syllable of each line of a Latin hymn to name consecutive ascending pitches.
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Music is
* a language consisting of sounds and silences.
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Music is written with an alphabet consisting of
the letters A through G.
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Each letter represents
a different sound or pitch.
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Just as words consist of letters,
musical melodies consist of pitches.
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When melodies ascend to higher pitches,
the alphabet moves forward from A to G.
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When melodies descend to lower pitches,
the musical alphabet moves backward from G to A.