ch. 19 vocab- honor bio

Vertebrates

animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone

Vertebral column

back bone, The bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues that reach from the base of the skull to the tailbone

Tetrapod

Four-Legged Vertebrates

Amniote

Amniotes are characterized by having an egg equipped with an amnion, an adaptation to lay eggs on land or retain the fertilized egg within the mother.

Chondrichthyans

a class that contains sharks, skates, rays and chimeras. They are jawed vertebrates, with skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone

Lateral line system

a sensory system that allows fishes to detect weak water motions and pressure gradients

Ray-finned fishes

The skeleton of the paired fins is formed from many small bones, called fin rays, in a fan-like arrangement, which are supported at the bases of the fins by parallel rows of bones called radials.

Operculum

a bony flap covering the gills. It moves back and forth to move water over the gills, allowing the fish to breathe, and also serves as protection against these sensitive parts of the fish.

Swim bladder

located in the body cavity and is derived from an outpocketing of the digestive tube. It contains gas and functions as a hydrostatic enabling the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking.

Lobe-fins

they are characterized by their paired, fleshy pectoral, and pelvic fins that are each articulated via a single bone

Amphibians

a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with gills

Amniotic egg

Eggs that contain an amnion to protect the embryo

Reptiles

any member of the class Reptilia, the group of air-breathing vertebrates that have internal fertilization, amniotic development, and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body

Ectothermic

any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources

Endothermic

aniamls that maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment

Mammals

group of warm-blooded, vertebrate animals that belong to the class Mammalia of the animal kingdom that include the presence of hair and the ability to feed their young with milk

Monotremes

any member of the egg-laying mammalian order Monotremata

Placenta

an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood suppl

Marsupial

animals that do not develop a true placenta and that usually have a pouch on the abdomen of the female which covers the teats and serves to carry the young

Eutherians

a major division of mammals characterized by the attachment of the developing fetus to the maternal uterus by a placenta and including all mammals living at the present time except the marsupials