weather test

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33 Terms

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air mass
a large body of air that has similar temperature and moisture throughout
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air pressure
the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface
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anemometer
a device used to measure wind speed.
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atmosphere
a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth
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barometer
an instrument used to measure air pressure
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buoyancy
force of a fluid that pushes an object up
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climate
the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
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Coriolis effect
the curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the Earth's rotation
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dew point
the temperature that air must cool in order for condensation (dew drops) to form
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El Niño
periodic change in the location of warm and cool surface waters in the surface waters in the Pacific Ocean nearest the equator
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front
the boundary that forms between two different air masses
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global warming
a rise in average global temperatures
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greenhouse effect
process by which heat is trapped by a planet's atmosphere and cannot return to space
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humidity
the amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air
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hurricane
a large, rotating tropical weather system with wind speeds at least 74 mph/119 km/h
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ice age
a period during which ice collects in high latitudes (poles) and moves toward lower latitudes
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isobars
lines that connect points of equal air pressure on a weather map
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jet stream
narrow belts of high-speed winds that flow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere which tend to influence weather patterns
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lightning
the large electrical discharge that happens between two oppositely charged surfaces
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meteorology
the study of the entire atmosphere
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ozone
a gas molecule made of three oxygen atoms which absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
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precipitation
solid or liquid water that falls from the air to the Earth
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psychrometer
an instrument used to measure relative humidity
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relative humidity
the amount of moisture the air contains compared to the amount it can hold at a certain temperature
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station model
a small circle showing the location of a weather station along with a set of symbols and numbers surrounding it that represent weather data
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storm surge
a local rise in sea level near the shore that is caused by strong winds from a storm, such as a hurricane
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stratosphere
the atmospheric layer above the troposphere
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thunder
the sound that results from the rapid thermal expansion of air along a lightning strike
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tornado
a small, rotating column of air that has high wind speeds, low central pressure, and touches the ground
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troposphere
the lowest layer of the atmosphere; where weather occurs
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weather
the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place
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weather forecast
a prediction of future weather conditions over the next 3 to 5 days
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wind
moving air