Memory and Cognitive Processes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to memory and cognitive processes, based on the lecture notes provided.

Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory where sensory information is registered briefly (1/2 to 4 seconds).

Short-Term Memory

Also known as working memory, it holds information actively being thought about and has a limited capacity (7 +/- 2 items).

Long-Term Memory

A storage system that can hold unlimited information for an extended period, sometimes indefinitely.

Explicit Memory

A type of long-term memory that involves conscious recall of facts and events.

Implicit Memory

A type of long-term memory that influences behavior without conscious awareness, such as procedural skills.

Encoding

The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory.

Retrieval

The process of accessing and bringing stored information into consciousness.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

A persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity, thought to underlie learning and memory.

Eidetic Memory

A form of memory that allows a person to recall images with vivid detail after just a brief exposure.

Alzheimer's Disease

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavior changes.

Amnesia

A condition characterized by the partial or total loss of memory.

Source Amnesia

The inability to remember the origin of a memory, leading to confusion about what was experienced or learned.

Schemas

Cognitive structures that help organize and interpret information based on general knowledge about a situation.

Sleep Deprivation Effects

Impairment of cognitive functions such as memory and decision-making caused by lack of sleep.

Rehearsal

The practice of repeating information to enhance memory retention and transfer from short-term to long-term storage.

Working Memory Model

A model that describes memory as an active system actively processing information, including components like the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.