Applications of DNA in Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering

Manipulating genes that carry hereditary information.

Recombinant DNA

DNA inserted into another organism's genome.

Vectors

Tools like viruses or plasmids for gene delivery.

Restriction Enzymes

Cut DNA at specific sequences creating sticky ends.

Ligase

Enzyme that rejoins sticky ends of DNA.

Targeted Gene Expression

Inserting human genes into other organisms' genomes.

Gene Therapy

Providing corrected genes to individuals with faulty genes.

Biological Warfare

Inserting harmful genes into benign bacteria for infection.

DNA Fingerprinting

Identifying individuals by unique DNA banding patterns.

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique to separate DNA fragments using electric current.

Sticky Ends

Uneven ends of DNA after restriction enzyme cuts.

HGH

Human Growth Hormone, a gene for growth.

Insulin

Hormone gene used in targeted gene expression.

Banding Pattern

Visual representation of DNA fragments on gel.

Mass Infections

Result of harmful genes transferred to bacteria.

Identical Twin Probability

Chance of sharing genetic fingerprint is >3 trillion:1.