DEUSH Final Notes

everything you should know

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

Provided citizenship regardless of race and equal protection under law

15th Amendment

Prohibited denying the right to vote base of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

16th Amendment

Power to collect a federal income tax

17th Amendment

Electrion of U.S. Senators by the general public

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Denying the right to vote based on sex

Freedmens Bureau

A Part of reconstruction and “Free Labor” ideology to implement the 13th amendment

Shermans March to the Sea

Military campaign that included Field Order 15 and went from Atlanta → Savannah; type of Sea Island Experiment

Special Field Order 15

Confiscated 400000 acres of coastal land in SC, GA, and FL and redistributed it to formerly enslaved (40 acres and a mule)

Sea Island Experiment

South Carolina sea islands

What was the main task/idea after the Civil War?

Reconstruction, rebuild the devastated south, integrate millions of newly freed enslaved people, restore the seceded states to the union

Lincolns Plan

10% plan (10 percent of voting population of a state pledges an oath of loyalty for a new govenrment to be created) and proclamation for amnesty and reconstruction (he wanted military occupation in the south)

What happens to Lincolns Plan?

He dies and Andrew Johnson takes over

Andrew Johnson

Anti-Sucession, harsh towards southerners, introduced the black codes

The Black Codes

regulated the lives of free blacks, with yearly labor contracts designed to keep blacks at the bottom of the social pyramid

Marshall Law

When military takes over and Lincoln was the only one to suspend Habeas Corpus (

Iron Clad Oath

Claim by congress that they will always be for the union and most try to follow, but they couldn’t really

Radical Reconstruction

A more extreme measure for transformation

Election of 1876

Elected Rutherford B. Hayes (president to end reconstruction) against Samuel Tilden and decided new Electoral Commission

New Departure Program

How to deal with the formal confederate states and govenrment going to learn to govern

The Redeemers

Wanted to reverse reconstruction and limit the powers of the state government. Also prevented black peole from getting jobs

Positives and Negatives of Reconstruction

Positives:

• Religious and social institutions continue

• 14th and 15th Amendment

Negatives:

• Failed

• Corruption w/ political part and little control over federal gov

The Gilded Age important facts:

• Time period goes from civil war→reconstruction→gilded age→imperialism

• Carnegie and Rockefeller form companies

• Westward expansion continues

• immigration at its highest rate

• industrialization and growth of monopolies and cities

• organized labor

• populism- people who were like common people that complained

• Anarchism- seeking to abolish all forms of heirarchy

• Segregation- more dedicated to the Western Hemisphere

• change in presidential leadership - presidents try to become more assertive and involved leaders

The Homestead Act

For the federal government to strengthen control over the West, it was said to increase the number of “Virtuous yeomen”. Wasnt sucessful until 1880s and people often left

Second Industrial Revolution:

• Caused by growing labor supply and larger market for goods and countries forming connections

• steel (iron + carbon) and the bessemer process (process of making steel)

• Assembly Lines - worker labor lines

• Capitalism with Species→greenbacks→paper money

  • Legal Tender Act- value of money and required payment of debt for paper money

  • National Bank Act

  • growth of trusts

John D. Rockefeller

Standard oil and created standard oil trust due to the oil boom

• ohio was gateway to oil

• Oil boom started by Edward Drake Drilling for oil

Andrew Carnegie

Formed the Union Iron Works and wanted to make things cheap and efficient in time period

Susquehanna lumber room

lumber capital of work in Pennsylvania

Republicans During Gilded Age

• Typically in power (like FDR)

• in power bc now african americans can vote and they introduces amendments 13, 14, and 15

• “The party of Business”

Boss Tweed

• Manipulated Votes

• Thomas Nast

  • Drew political cartoons and talked about mackrakers

• Showed the corruption at state level governmetns in gilded age

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Involved w/ railraod system and two part fraud of 50 million dollars which charged US double what they spent in the end

Coinage Act of 1873

only gold and silver could be minted into coins

Bland-Allusion Act of 1878

Democrats wanted unlimited coinage of the standard silver dollar, which caused inflation (Silver promoted by Richard Gland heavily)

Political Issues of Gilded age

• Civil Service

  • The spoils system worked for decades and was promoted by Andrew Jackson but it began to lead to corruption

• Pendelton Civil Service Act of 1883

  • classified certain jobs and why federal employees are classified

  • established civil service commission which said jobs could be given by patronage

Interstate Commerce Act

Wanted to make racial discrimination illegal and enforced by the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)

Sherman Antitrust Act

Government attempted to prevent illegal monopolies

Labor Unions

Knights of Labor:

• end the wage slave system and equal pay for equal work

American Federation of Labor

• Aristocracy of labor unions

Populism

Like the labor union for farmers and started as the farmer alliance for farmers and developed into the peoples party or POPULISTS; advocated for income tax

The Sioux

A native group with conflict in the west, with a movement triggered by the horse

led to the Sand Creek Massacre

• changed theme of attitudes to natives and farther east supported them but the people closed to them believed in chipping

Dawes Act of 1887

broke up indian tribes’ land and distributed small pieces to be given to individual indian families

goal was to make native americans citizens through Indian Rights Association

-Chester A Arthur- beleived that native americans should be civilized and protected

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Banned public racial discrimination but overturned

Tuskegee Insitute

Built by Ida Wells and Booker T Washington and was a teachers callege

Disenfranchisment

How a southern legislature would prevent black people from voting through poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause

Kansas Exodus

black farmers moved from the south to Kansas

Plessy vs Ferguson

Plessy refused to move to the colored only part of the train, but the law was upheld and said that laws are constitutional if they are “Separate but Equal”