MICROSCOPE

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Used a handheld microscope The first person to describe and observe living cells

Robert Hook

Observed a piece of cork under the microscope and Discovered many small compartments that looked like a honeycomb

Robert Hook

Described these compartments as “cells”, which contributed to the development of cell theory

arm, stage, base, head

FRAMEWORK

arm

supports the head and is used for carrying

STAGE

Used for carrying the microscope, Can be adjusted up and down

and Allows the glass slide to move left and right

base

Lower-most part of the microscope, Bears the entire structure

and Provides stability

LIGHT SOURCE, CONDENSER, IRIS DIAPHRAGM

ILLUMINATING SYSTEM

light source

Light bulb or mirror situated at the base and Provides steady lighting for the specimen

rheostat/brightness adjustment

Brightness can be adjusted using the

condenser

Located under the stage and Directs and focuses light onto the

specimen

iris diaphragm

Adjustable disk located below the condenser and Controls the intensity of light reaching the specimen

aperture

hole in the stage that allows light from the light source to pass through

ocular lens/eyepiece, objective lens

MAGNIFICATION SYSTEM

ocular lens/eyepiece

Closest to the viewer’s eye and Used to look at the specimen

objective lens

Primary lenses that magnify the specimen and Standard microscope usually have 3-4 objective lenses

scanner

4x, Lowest magnification, First objective used for adjustment

Red

low power objective (LPO)

10x and yellow

high power objective (HPO)

40x and blue

OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE (OIO)

Highest magnification, 100x, Used with immersion oil White

INTEROCULAR ADJUSMENT, HEAD, COARSE FOCUS, FINE FOCUS

FOCUSING SYSTEM

INTERCOCULAR ADJUSMENT/INTERPUPILLARY ADJUSMENT

Adjusts the distance between eyepieces to match the viewer’s eyes

HEAD

Holds the eyepiece at one end and connects to the objective lenses

COARSE FOCUS

Moves the stage up and down, Used for rough/general focusing First adjustment used to bring the specimen into general focus

FINE FOCUS

Used for precise focusing Sharpens and improves the quality of

the image Mostly used under high power

DIOPTER ADJUSMENT

It corrects for differences in visual acuity or focusing strength between your two separate eyes.

NOSEPIECE

Rotating part that holds the objective lenses Allows you to change the

magnification

STAGE CLIPS

Hold the slide firmly in place on the stage

STAGE CONTROL

Mechanically move the stage to accurately position the specimen

STAGE CONTROL

One control: moves the stage forward and backward

Other control: moves the stage left and right

GLASS SLIDE

> Thin glass plate

> Holds the specimen for observation

COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

TWO TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

compound light microscope

Uses visible light and multiple lenses to magnify specimens

electron microscope

Uses beams of electrons instead of light