Force and Motion (Terms)

It is a push or pull that can cause an object to

accelerate, decelerate, or change its shape.

Force

It means it has both magnitude (how strong

the force is) and direction.

Vector Quantity

“An object at rest will remain at rest unless a force is acted

upon it.” or “An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in

motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the

same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced external

force.”

1st Law of Motion: Law of Inertia

“The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the

net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its

mass.”

This can be expressed with the formula F=ma, where F is the

force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

2nd Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration

“For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.”

This law means that forces always occur in pairs. If one body

exerts a force on another, the second body exerts an equal

and opposite force on the first.

3rd Law of Motion: Law of Interaction

It is a way of measuring how fast something is

moving. It tells you how far an object has traveled in a

certain amount of time. It is a scalar quantity.

Speed

Similar to speed but it contains both how fast the

object is and the direction of the object. It is a vector

quantity.

Velocity

It is the measure of how quickly an object’s

speed changes over time.

Acceleration

It is the change in position of an object from

its initial point to its final point in a specific direction. It is a

vector quantity.

Displacement

The total length of the path traveled by an object,

regardless of direction.

Distance

The size or length of a vector, representing the

quantity's size without considering its direction. A scalar

quantity.

Magnitude

A quantity that has only magnitude and no direction.

Scalars are represented using only a number and a unit.

Examples: Speed, distance, mass, temperature, energy.

Scalar Quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

They are represented using arrows to show their direction

and magnitude.

Examples: Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force.

Vector Quantity

Formulas 1.0

Formulas 1.0 (Triangle)

Formulas 2.0

Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Motion of an object along a straight line with uniform velocity

as it covers equal distance in interval line.

Uniform Motion

One dimension with constant acceleration.

Objects involved are moving in a straight line whose

acceleration does not change over time.

The velocity of the body which is moving in straight lines

changes at a constant time.

Equal change in velocity in equal intervals of time.

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

This is the resistive force that opposes the relative

motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact. It

acts parallel to the surfaces and opposite to the direction of

motion or intended motion.

Frictional force

This force prevents relative motion between

two surfaces that are not moving relative to each other. It

must be overcome to start moving an object. (Ex.: Prevents a

stationary object from sliding down an inclined plane.)

Static Friction

This force acts on moving

objects and opposes the motion. (Ex.: Opposes the motion of

a sliding object, such as a sled moving over snow.)

Kinetic (Dynamic) Friction 

This is the support force exerted by a surface

perpendicular to an object resting on it. It arises from the

contact between two surfaces and prevents objects from

"falling" into the surface they rest upon. The normal force is

crucial in balancing the forces acting on an object, ensuring

that the object remains in equilibrium.

Normal Force

When an object rests on a horizontal surface

without any additional vertical forces, the normal force (N)

equals the gravitational force (mg) acting on the object.

Flat Surface

When an object rests on an inclined plane

making an angle θ\thetaθ with the horizontal, the normal force is

a component of the gravitational force perpendicular to the

surface.

Inclined Plane

This refers to the motion of an object under the influence of

gravity alone, with no other forces acting on it. In a vacuum,

where air resistance is negligible, all objects fall at the same rate

regardless of their mass.

Free fall

Near the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity

is approximately?

g = 9.8 m/s² 

Formulas 3.0

This describes the motion of an object that is

launched into the air and is subject to gravity. The path followed

by a projectile is called its trajectory, which is typically a

parabola.

Projectile motion

Velocity in the horizontal direction

(vx) remains constant.

Horizontal Component

Motion in the vertical direction is

influenced by gravity.

Vertical Component

The horizontal distance the projectile travels.

Range(R)

The peak vertical position of the

projectile.

Maximum Height (H)

The total time the projectile is in the air.

Time of Flight (T)

Formulas 4.0