General Crim Knowledge

Criminology

Republic Act No. 11131, also known as the "Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018 "the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims; the prevention and solution of crimes; the criminal justice system and the application of the law of criminal justice; and the rehabilitation and treatment of criminal offenders."

Cesare Lombroso

Father of Criminology

Crime

Legal Definition – A crime is any act or omission punishable by the Revised Penal Code (RPC) or special penal laws (e.g., drug laws, environmental laws).

Social Definition – Crime is a behavior that society deems harmful and requires legal intervention.

Criminological Definition – Crime is a human act that violates societal norms and legal standards, influenced by various biological, psychological, and social factors.

Felonies

Crimes punished under the Revised Penal Code (e.g., theft, murder)

Offenses

Violations of special laws (e.g., illegal drugs, human trafficking)

Mala in Se

(Inherently wrong acts) – Crimes considered evil by nature (e.g., rape, homicide).

Mala Prohibita

(Prohibited by law) – Acts that are only crimes because the law forbids them (e.g., illegal fishing, tax evasion)

Evidence

is the means, sanctioned by the Rules, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact

Pillars of Philippine Criminal Justice System

*Law Enforcement

*Prosecution

*Courts

*Corrections

*Community

Warrantless Arrest

*In flagrante delicto

*Hot Pursuit

*Escape Prisoner