World Civilization Exam 3

Islam and its teachings

A religion created by a man named Muhammad, in which he had visions that he wa sa prophet of God and the main teachings were the five pillars (Pray 5 times a day, fasting, monotheism, care for community and visit Mecca before death)

Quran

Followers of Muhammad would write his visions down, and this would be the staple for this islamic book.

Mamluks

the protectors of Baghdad (enslaved young boys forced to be soldiers)

Dhimmis

protected legal people who didn’t follow Islam (had to pay taxes because they didn’t)

Mecca

The place where Muhammad started many different Umma’s that helped to influence the growth of Islam (headquarters of Muslims)

Merchants (status/roles)

Well-respected because they are the main reasons for the traveling of religion, goods, and other items that help benefit the economy,

Sufism

mythological version of Islam (rejected pleasure of life -asthecism) and committed to the edges of religion.

Joint Stock Companies

a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders

Umma

The followers of Muhammad who were sent to spread the message of Islam and live in a large group.

Al-Andalus

The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492.

Shi’as

During the Reign of Ali (and the split of Islam), a group rose believed in his teachings and was named after the new successor who led the takeover on Baghdad

Sunni

Disagreed with the Shi’a group and believed that their new successors should come from Muhammad immediate family.

Caliph

The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. Ruled in Baghdad and Egypt.

Islamic Slavery

Freedom could be bought, not hereditary, (children were born free) Many male slaves were used to be in blue collar fields. They were turned into units (No peen) to create a family to be locked in and not geeked. Women were slaves too but yk with they nasty tails did.

Baghdad

Tha capital of trade and where Ulama gathered

Madrasas

any type of educational institution, secular or religious, whether for elementary education or higher learning.

• What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

pray 5 times a day, visit Mecca at least once, Fasting, Care for community, and Monotheism

• What was the status of slaves in Islamic Society?

They were not free, but they had the power to buy their way out or ultimately work their way into a higher status like a unit.

• How did the expansion of Islam benefit from competition between other empires?

The more islam spread, there was more trade in those areas and it began to go hand and hand with each other creating large trading centers.

Sahel

It is the transition zone between the more humid Sudanian savannas to its south and the drier Sahara to the north.

Animism

a belief system where natural elements, including plants, animals, rocks, and weather, are considered to possess a soul or spirit, and can influence human events. 

Bantu Migrations

A group/tribe in Northern Africa who was very versatile in languages and would translate many different ideas and art styles.

Berbers

a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Maghreb.

Camels

An animal used to help with trade across the desert and carried heavier loads

Great Zimbabwe

Hunter/Gatherers, Pastorialism, Clans (polyamorous*men*), Metal working, and an unexplained decline.

African Slave Trade

involved the forced migration of millions of Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas for enslavement, primarily for labor on plantations, from the 16th to the 19th centurie

Ethiopia : The Christian Kingdom of Aksum

First Studied African place with written document. Thrived on trade, a lot of competition and deforestation. Was one of the only places with Christianity

Swahili

a Bantu language widely used as a lingua franca in East Africa and having official status in several countries.

Mansa Musa

most famous African ruler, expanded Mali a great deal and controlled trade. He also appointed family members to help govern different areas of Mali. Eventually he converted to Islam and visited Mecca, he brought back architects to build mosque and even transformed Timbuktu into a thriving city.

Kebra Negast

A story based on the uprising of a man fooling a woman to sleep with him and them having a son and that son gets revenge on his father by overthrowing him. (intertwining of religion and politics).

Timbuktu

gained fame as a major center for trade, Islamic learning, and culture during the Mali Empire, attracting scholars and merchants from across the Islamic world. 

Trans-Saharan Trade

a crucial network of trade routes connecting North Africa to sub-Saharan Africa, facilitating the exchange of goods like gold, salt, and slaves, and playing a vital role in shaping the cultures and economies of both regions, particularly during the Middle Ages. 

Bananas

are not native to Africa, archaeological evidence suggests they were cultivated there as early as 4500 years ago, with the possibility of even earlier presence, and became a vital food crop, especially in the wet tropics. 

Ghana

The root of the Tran-saharan trade (wealth, salt, gold) they had no centralized power (no government). women had freedom and kingdoms also shared power with them. They followed islam. Their most important imports were salt and gold (created monopolies).

• How did the growth of Trans-Saharan trade influence West African societies?

Trade through the Sahara had many impacts. It increased wealth in North Africa, West Africa, and beyond. It resulted in the spread of Islam to West Africa. A negative impact was that it also resulted in millions of people being enslaved.

• What goods were imported/exported from East African city States?

raw materials like gold, ivory, and animal skins, while importing finished goods such as silk, cotton, and porcelain from Asia. 

• Why did some West African rulers convert to Islam?

due to the economic and political benefits derived from the religion's influence on trade and administration, as well as the prestige and unity it provided, rather than solely for religious reasons.