Learn: Biology Exam 1

What are the 4 chemicals of life?

Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon

3 domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

most penetrating to least penetrating radioactivity

gamma, beta, alpha

strongest to weakest chemical bonds

covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der waals

4 molecules of life

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

specific order of orbitals

s p d f

what is true about cations and anions

cations are positively charged and anions are negatively charged

one L of solution at pH of 5 has how many more H+ that pH of 7

100x

how do you correctly right genus and species?

Homo sapiens

humans have controls in place to maintain balance, this is

homeostasis

what is the octet rule?

Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons in order to have a full set of valance electrons (8).

what are the steps to the scientific method?

1. make observation

2. ask question

3. form hypothesis

4. make predictions

5. experiment

What are the laws of thermodynamics?

The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.

deductive reasoning

reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)

inductive reasoning

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. ( Can be false, but that is improbable)

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

plants growing at the top of a tree in the rainforest are most likely

eukayotic multicellular aerobes

dependent variable

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

smallest unit of all living things

cell

viruses are apart of which kingdom

none

binomial means

two names

one mole equals how many micromoles?

10^6

isotopes are

atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

a free radical is a

a natural or artificial substance that may cause disease if left unchecked

a covalent bond is formed when

two atoms share electrons

single-celled organisms that lack discrete intracellular compartments, organelles, belong to

bacteria, Archean

how many milliliters in a L?

1000

the chemical properties of atoms come from

electrons in valence shell

order of classification

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

which type of metabolism is most efficient?

aerobic

an orbital is

the three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

example of a protist

slime mold

what would you need to determine the number of molecules in a tablespoon of sugar?

mass of sugar, molecular weight, avogadros number

characteristics of life

have cells, made up of 4 molecules of life, grow + evolve, respond to stimuli, reproduce

2.5 by a something changed the nature of life on earth, what was it?

o2 in atmosphere