micro 3.3 pt 2

Function of a slime layer

Helps bacteria attach to surfaces and prevents drying out.

Fimbriae

Short, hairlike appendages used for attachment.

Primary function of fimbriae

Attachment to surfaces and host tissues.

Pili

Longer appendages involved in attachment and DNA transfer.

Function of the sex pilus

Transfers DNA during conjugation.

Bacterial conjugation

The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another.

Structure allowing bacterial movement

Flagella.

Power source of bacterial flagella

A rotary motor at the base.

Monotrichous

One flagellum.

Lophotrichous

A tuft of flagella at one end.

Amphitrichous

Flagella at both ends.

Peritrichous

Flagella distributed over the entire cell surface.

purpose of Inclusion bodies

Storage granules for nutrients such as glycogen, phosphate, and sulfur.

Endospores

Dormant, highly resistant survival structures.

Purpose of an endospore

To help bacteria survive harsh environmental conditions.

what are Bacillus and Clostridium?

.Endospore-producing bacterial genera

Are endospores reproductive structures?

No, they are survival structures.

Conditions endospores can survive

Heat, drying, radiation, chemicals, and disinfectants.

Coccus

A spherical bacterium.

Bacillus

A rod-shaped bacterium.

Coccobacillus

A short rod-shaped bacterium.

Vibrio

A curved rod-shaped bacterium.

Spirillum

A rigid spiral-shaped bacterium.

Spirochete

A flexible spiral-shaped bacterium.

Diplo- (prefix)

Cells arranged in pairs.

Strepto- (prefix)

Cells arranged in chains.

Staphylo- (prefix)

Cells arranged in grape-like clusters.

Tetrads

Groups of four bacterial cells.

Sarcinae

Cube-like groups of eight bacterial cells.

Prokaryote classification characteristics

Cell shape, cell wall composition, Gram stain, DNA sequencing, metabolism, and oxygen requirements.

Structure responsible for movement

Flagella.

Structure primarily responsible for attachment

Fimbriae.

Structure primarily responsible for DNA transfer

Pili.