Radiology axial skeleton

What are oblique spine rads used to see?

Artiular facet features

What view is this?

Oblique

Where is the fracture?

C2 Fracture w/ plow nose

What kind of fracture is this?

Facet fracture

What is the pathology?

Kissing spine

What kind of fracture is this?

Spinous process fracture

What are some signs of cervical vertebral malformations?

DJD of articular facets,

sublet of adj vert

Flare of caudal epiphysis ventral body

OCD

Shortened caudal epiphysis

reduced sagittal ratio

What is the pathology?

Static compression (When horse is standing straight )

What is the pathology?

Laminar sclerosis and ligament flavum hypertrophy

bones malformed and override to traumatize spinal cord

What is the pathology

Dynamic stenosis (can only see when flexed)

Identify the pathology?

Discospondylitis

moth eatten/rotten space often due to infection

C6 will have a ____?

Costal process

What medication is used to do sedated standing rads?

Xylazine

What view is this?

Oblique of the skull

What is the red arrow pointing at?

Periodontal ligament

What is the pink arrow pointing at

lamina dura (radiopaque)

How do tooth roots appear?

Flat and square surrounded by round translucent areas.

Frontal sinuses are often ___ structures located where?

Paired

Located in the dorsal portion of the skull medial to the orbit

What is the blue line? What is w/in this structure

Infraorbital canal

nerve and lacrimal duct

What is the structure shown by the red arrows?

Ventral conchal sinus (ventral turbinate)

Identify the pathology?

Abscess of ventral conchal bulla

What does the sphenopalatine sinus communicate with?

Caudal maxillary sinus

What is the opaque structure? What view must we take to see it?

Guttural pouch - oblique views- filled w/ air

What is temporohyoid osteopathy (THO)

Fusion of temporohyoid joint

-resuction in hyoid motility

-neurological signs (ataxia nystagmus)

Identify the pathology?

temporohyoid osteopathy (THO)

What is a clinical sign of basisphenoid fractures?

Deteriorating neurological conditions

Hemorrhage from ears

What is the pathology?

Esophageal choke

Identify the pathology?

Nasopharyngeal ethmoid hematoma

Identify the pathology?

Sinus cyst - not problem unless they occlude drainage

Identify the pathology

Sinitis (fluid lines)

Identify the pathology?

Tooth root abcess (109/209 most common cause of sinusitis)

Identify the pathology?

Mandibular fracture - can include tooth fractures)

What view is this?

Offset DV skull

What is offset DV skull most useful for?

Cracks in teeth

What can happen if caps don’t fall off soon enough? Why should you be cautious with treating?

puts pressure on permanent teeth causing bump 

if remove at wrong time cause abscess and could loose tooth

How can you differentiate ages of horses via dental x-rays?

young horses tooth roots fill most of the sinus

as age sinus space gets bigger

at 10 yr tooth roots are 50% grown out

What is important to remember about bovine dentition?

no maxillary incisors

have dental pad

Identify the structure

ventral conchal bulla

dorsal out pouching of sinus

How can you dx THO?

xray (see proliferation of bones)

endoscopy

CT

What are some signs of a basisphenoid fracture?

deteriorating neurologic condition

hemorrhage from ears

endoscopy of guttural pouch

Teeth will always appear _______ on the side that is closest to the generator

larger

When taking cervical x-rays where do you center each view?

C2 then C4 then C6

How can you differentiate the transition from cervical spine to thoracic spine?

C7 has shorter spinous process than T1

What is the minimum sagittal ratio?

predicts stenotic myelopathy

ratio = minimum sagittal diameter of spinal cord/ width of corresponding vertebral bdy

What is required to confirm a compression?

myelogram

What is a common spinal incidental finding?

C6-C7 facet arthritis - head/neck weights a lot and mobility tops at thoracic spine so a lot of focus/pressure on 1 spot