GCSE Geography Theme 7.2.1

Flashcards covering challenges facing social development in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia related to population changes.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Characterized by predominantly LICs with high birth and death rates.

High birth rate (Sub-Saharan Africa)

Indicated by a wide base in the population pyramid, due to lack of contraception, need for child labor, and high infant mortality.

High death rate (Sub-Saharan Africa)

Indicated by a population that decreases as age increases, due to disease, poor living and working conditions, and lack of healthcare.

South Asia population pyramid

Indicates improved healthcare, sanitation, and diet leading to increased life expectancy as bars take longer to decrease in size.

Decreasing birth rate (South Asia)

Due to improvements in healthcare, reduced infant mortality, reduced need for child labor, and improved rights for women.

Factors affecting higher birth rates

Lack of contraception, high infant mortality, child labor.

Factors affecting lower birth rates

Improved women’s rights, later marriage, education about benefits of smaller families.

Reasons for decreasing death rates

Improved health and nutrition, improved medical care, vaccination programs, better maternal and infant healthcare, improved sanitation, better responses to global hazards.