Unit 1: Developments in Dar-Al-Islam

Judaism

Judaism

Monotheistic religion practiced by the Jews, originating in the Middle East, influencing the development of Christianity and Islam.

Christianity

Established by Jesus Christ, it emphasizes salvation by grace and influenced the organization of states in Europe and Africa.

Islam

Founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, it teaches salvation through righteous actions like almsgiving, prayer, and fasting.

Abbasid Caliphate

An Islamic empire during the Golden Age of Islam known for innovations and advancements, later declined leading to new Islamic empires.

Seljuk Empire

A pastoral Turkic people in Central Asia who were brought by the Abbasids to expand their empire militarily and claimed political power.

Mamluk Sultanate

A Turkic warrior state founded in Egypt under Saladin, arising from the need for more labor and military strength.

Delhi Sultanate

A state established by Turkic Muslims in South Asia during the expansion of Islam.

Sharia Law

A code of laws established in the Quran implemented in Muslim empires, ensuring administration under military control.

Sufism

A mystical branch of Islam that emphasized personal experience with the divine, playing a significant role in the spread of Islam.

House of Wisdom

A library established in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam, crucial for preserving and translating ancient philosophical works.

Trigonometry

A branch of mathematics invented by Nasser to better understand planetary and stellar motion, exemplifying intellectual innovation in the Islamic Golden Age.

Military Expansion of Islam

The spread of Islam through military conquests, prominently seen in the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate.

Merchant Activity in Islam

The role of Muslim traders in stimulating trade across North Africa and contributing to the conversion of territories like Mali to Islam.