Human Bio Unit 1

1. Define science

Science is a method of seeking answers to questions through basis of experimentation and observation

Steps of the scientific method

1. Observation

2. Hypothesis

3. Experiment

4. Analysis

5. Conclusion

Identify what peer-reviewed scientific literature is and why it is reliable.

Literature that has been reviewed by other experts in the same field and it is important because it eliminates bias and weeds out overstated claims. It also ensures the integrity of the material being published.

Define Hypothesis

A possible answer to the question under investigation

What characteristics make a good hypothesis

A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable. It can be supported (gains credibility) or rejected by evidence.

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables

An independent variable is what is being changed/controlled, and a dependent variable is what is being measured/observed.

Define experiment

Testing the hypothesis to generate evidence for/against the idea

Explain the steps in a well designed experiment

What is the different between control groups and experimental groups

Define statistical significance

Explain what a 95% confidence interval is

Define confounding variables

Explain how sample size affects statistics

What happens in the scientific method if the hypothesis is supported? 

What happens in the scientific method if the hypothesis is refuted?

Does science have the ability to prove something?

No, it is supported not proven

Define scientific theory

What is the difference between scientific theory and everyday theory

What is the difference between scientific and anecdotal evidence

Define epidemiology

Explain the set-up of a case-controlled study

Define recall bias

What is the difference between causation and correlation

Explain the set-up of a randomized clinical trial

Why is a randomized clinical trial considered the “gold” standard

Define biology

The study (-ology) of life (bio)

What properties define life?

Define metabolism

Contrast catabolic and anabolic metabolism

Define chemistry

Define matter, mass, energy, and elements

Define atom

Explain atomic structure

What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic number

The atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons combined and the atomic number is just the number of protons

How many electrons can fit on the 1st shell

2

How many electrons can fit on the 2nd (and forward) shell

8

Define molecule

define molecular formula

Explain carbons role in organic molecules

Define covalent bonds, how they form, and their strength

List the four categories of organic molecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Define macromolecule and monomer

Define carb, where in the body it is used, monomer, polymer

Define dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Explain the role of protein in the body

Monomer, polymer of protein

4 levels of protein structure

What happens when a protein denatures

Explain and enzymes role in the body

Define: specificity, substrate, product, cofactor, coenzyme and how they relate to enzymes

Explain the mechanism of action of an enzyme

Explain the role of a lipid in the body

Explain the basic structure of a triglyceride, phospholipid, and sterol in the body

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Explain the role of nucleic acids in the body

Monomer, polymer of a nucleic acid

Define what a cell is

what is the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism

Describe the components of basic cell structure

List 5 properties of water

Define hydrogen bonds, how are they formed, and what is their strength

What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion

Adhesion is the ability of water to stick to other surfaces, and cohesion is the ability of water to stick to itself

Define solvent, solute, and solution

What is doing the dissolving, what is being dissolved, and the mixture of the solvent and the solute

Define ionic bonds, how are they formed, and what is their strength

Define pH

Explain the pH scale

Define acid, base, salt, and buffer