biology B6.3

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Antibiotic 

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44 Terms

1

Antibiotic 

A type of medication that helps cure the bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body 

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2

Antibiotic resistance 

The ability of bacteria to become resistant to the treatment that is being used to kill it i.e. antibiotics. This provides evidence for evolution. 

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3

Antibiotic resistant markers 

An antibiotic resistant gene that produces a protein which enables a cell to become resistant to antibiotics. 

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4

Antigen 

A protein found on the surface of the pathogen that induces an immune response 

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5

Antiseptic 

A type of medication that helps kill microorganisms that cause disease. 

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6

Antiviral 

A type of medication that helps cure viral diseases by killing infective viruses inside the body. 

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7

Aseptic techniques 

A range of techniques used to culture microorganisms under sterile conditions in order to minimise contamination. 

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8

Autoclaving 

A method used to sterilise glassware and growth media in a strongly heated container/oven. 

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9

Barley powdery mildew 

A disease caused by fungus in plants which causes white fluffy growth on leaves, eventually leading to plant death. 

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10

Bacteria 

A type of pathogen which is single-celled and prokaryotic (note: not all bacteria are pathogenic) 

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11

Benign tumour 

A tumour that is non-cancerous so cannot spread around the body. 

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12

Blood 

A tissue that contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. 

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13

Cancer 

The result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division. 

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14

Carcinogens 

Chemical or agents that are cancer causing. 

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15

Cardiovascular diseases 

A non-communicable disease that affect the heart or blood vessels. 

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16

Cilia 

Hair like structures that waft substances away 

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17

Communicable disease 

A disease that is caused by a pathogen which can be spread between individuals. It is not inherited or caused by environmental factors. 

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18

Crown gall disease 

A disease caused by a bacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) in plants which infects the stem and roots causing tumours.  

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19

Disease 

An illness that affects animal or plant health. 

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20

Flaming 

A method used to sterilise equipment (usually bottlenecks) to prevent contamination. 

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21

Fungi 

A type of pathogen which is eukaryotic and can be single-celled or multicellular e.g. yeast and mushrooms 

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22

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 

A hormone present in the urine of pregnant women. 

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23

Immune system 

The body’s defence mechanism against foreign bodies. 

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24

Immunosuppressant drugs 

Medication that supresses the immune system and must be taken after transplant to prevent rejection. 

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25

Lymphocyte 

A type of white blood cell made by the body to protect against disease and infection. 

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26

Malaria 

A disease caused by a protist spread by mosquitoes. It causes recurring fever which can be fatal. 

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27

Malignant tumour 

A cancerous tumour that grows rapidly and can spread around the body. 

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28

Monoclonal antibodies 

Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen 

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29

Non-communicable diseases 

A disease that cannot be transmitted as it is caused by environmental factors or is inherited. It is not pathogenic. 

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30

Non-specific defence system 

The defence system that protects against a variety of pathogens 

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31

Pathogen 

A bacterium, virus or any other microorganism that can cause disease. 

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32

Placebo 

An inactive version of a drug. It is indistinguishable from the real drug but has no effect on the recipient. 

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33

Platelets 

Cell fragments involved in the clotting of blood. 

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34

Protist 

A type of pathogen which is eukaryotic and single celled. It is from the kingdom Protista. 

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35

Statins 

A type of drug used to lower cholesterol levels. It is used in the treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. 

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36

Stent 

A wire mesh used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. It widens the artery to maintain the hearts oxygen supply. 

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37

Stroke 

A form of brain damage in which the blood supply to a region of the brain is cut off. This may be due to a blocked artery or bleeding in the blood vessels of the brain. 

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38

Tissue transplant 

An operation to replace damaged tissue with healthy tissue from a healthy donor. 

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39

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 

A disease caused by a virus in plants which affects chloroplasts and produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves. This prevents efficient photosynthesis, limiting plant growth. 

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40

Transplant rejection 

The rejection of the transplant tissue by the immune system of the recipients’ body. 

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41

Tuberculosis  (TB) 

A communicable bacterial disease which damages and destroys lung tissue, supressing the immune system. 

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42

Tumour 

A mass of cells formed due to uncontrolled cell division. 

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43

Vaccination 

A method of introducing small quantities of inactive or dead forms of pathogen to stimulate antibody production by white blood cells. 

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44

Virus 

A type of pathogen that can infect any living organism. They are only able to reproduce inside a living host. 

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