Biology Lecture Review: Human Body Systems

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to homeostasis, the nervous system, endocrine system, and circulatory system.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

Negative Feedback

A process that dampens physiological change, helping to maintain homeostasis, e.g., regulation of body temperature.

Positive Feedback

A process that amplifies physiological change, e.g., childbirth contractions.

Filtrate

The fluid that passes through the kidney's filtration system, containing water, salts, and waste products.

Hypertension

A condition of abnormally high blood pressure, which can lead to health complications.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system outside the CNS, comprising all the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord.

Neuron

A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses; includes structures such as the cell body, dendrites, and axons.

Synaptic Cleft

The gap between neurons at a synapse where neurotransmitters are released.

Action Potential

A rapid change in electrical potential across a nerve cell membrane that occurs when a neuron sends a signal.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete substances through ducts to the outside of the body or into a body cavity.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream affecting distant organs.

ABO Blood Typing

A system for classifying blood based on the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Pacemaker

A group of cells in the heart that controls the heartbeat.