Psych 1130-early childhood

infantile amnesia

inablity to remember events prior to 4-5 years

preoperational stage

symbolic thinking

-able to think about past, future, and imagery events

-use graphs, maps and models

operations

cognitve process that follows certain logical rules

conservation

mental ability to understand the quanity of substance/material remains the same even if apprence changes

reverseiblity

ability to reverse an action mentally

centration

being centered on one aspect of a cognitve problem to the exclusion of other important aspects

classifaction

abilty to understand that objects can be part of cognitve groups

egocentrism

cognitive inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and another person’s perspective

animism

tendency to attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces

theory of mind development

abilty to understand thinking processes in oneself and others, understand others have beliefs, intentions, feelings, and perspectives that differ from own 

false belief task

tests for ability to recognize that others can hold beliefs different from the child’s and others can hold mistaken beliefs

difference in mental age and Intelligence quotient

Mental age: Binet’s measure of an individual’s level of mental development compared with that of others 

Intelligence quotient: person’s mental age is diveded by their chronological age multiplied by 100 

How might tests give unintentional advantage to certain cultures/groups over others?

-education system

-test taking

-boys may being going to school over girls

diiferent types of intelligence

Analytic intelligence: ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast 

Creative intelligence: ability to create design, invent, originate and imagine 

Practical intelligence: ability to use,apply, implement and put ideas into practice

Gradner’s theory of intelligence

Verbal lingustic: ability to think of words, use language to express meaning 

Logical mathematical: ability to do mathematical operations 

Spatial: ability to think three-dimensional 

Bodily-kinesthic: ability to physical adept,dextreous, display fine motor control when manipulating objects 

Musical; Sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, tone

Interpersonal; Ability to understand and interact well with others

Intrapersonal; Ability to understand oneself, have insight into own thoughts, feelings

Naturalist: Ability to observe patterns in nature, understand natural and human-made systems

different parenting styles

•Authoritative parents: Provide clear, consistent expectations, discipline children for violating them; explain reasons for rules/expectations, and engage in discussion with children over issues relating to rules/disciplines; open to negotiation and compromise with child

-children are independent, self-assured, creative, socially competent, do well acdemnically, empathy to others, self-regulate

•Authoritarian parents: Strict disciplinarians, don't offer explanations of rules to children, uncompromising; show little warmth/affection, may display hostility towards child

-aggression, anxiety, low self-confidience and less socially competent

•Permissive parents: Set few expectations or rules for child, rarely if ever discipline them; very warm and affectionate towards child, impose few boundaries on them

-poor self control and social problems

•Disengaged parents: Place few boundaries or rules for their children, rarely discipline them; show little affection or emotional attachment to children

-impulsive beheavior, beheaviour problems, risk of unsafe sexual beheaviour, illegal beheavior

coral punishment

physical punishment

•Why might impact of punishment type differ across cultures/groups?

-normal in some cultures

-influence of aggression within kids

gender constancy+ roles

gender constancy- biological

gender roles- external features

gender schemas

understanding and intrepting the world around them

self-socialization

-consistency with their schemas and beheaviors

what is true about emotional regulation

temper tantrums and crying decrease from age 2-6

emotional self regulation

control one’s emotions

what is true about moral development

moral judgements tend to be more based on fear of punishment

what is true about gender identity

ability of children to identify themselves as female or male

the way we organize and process information in terms of gender-based categories is referred to as

gender schemas

parenting styles

-practices that exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs about those practices

difference in demandingness andd respondiveness

-degree to which parents set rules and expecations for child

respondivness: degree to which parents are sensitve to their child’s need

-express love, warmth, and concern

Authoriative parents

-high in respondiveness and demandigness

-loving and warm

-respond to children need and desire

-Negotiation and compromise

-conquences for children

-explain reasons for rules and expectations

-independent, self-assured, creative, and socially skilled

-Do well in school

-empathy, optism, and self-regulation

authoritarian parents

-high demandigness and low respondiveness

-obedience and punish disobedience

-little love or warmth

-little emotional attachment

-less self-assured, creative, and socially

-aggressive

-anxious and unhappy

Permissive parents

-low demandigness and high respondiveness

-expecations for children don’t discpline them

-love and warmth

-need love

-immature and lack self control

-diffculty getting along with peers and teachers

-irresponsible+ conforming

Disengaged parents

-low in demandginess and respondiveness

-don’t correct their beheavior

-on what they can do or don’t

-little emotional attachment

-beheavior problems

-impulsive

-drugs and sex

filial party, familismo

expect to respect and obey their parents

familismo- love and closeness

time out

sit in a designated place for a brief period of time

psychological control

using shame and withdraw of love

corporal punishment

physical punishment

-spanking

foster care

-adults are approved to take care of child

different types of abuse and neglect

chlid maltreatment- abuse and neglect of children

physical abuse-physical harm

-hitting,bitting, burning

risk factors-poverty, unemployement, single motherhood

-social, acdemnic, and emotional problems

-agressive

-impairs emotional self development, self-concept, self-regulation and empathy

-stepfather is more abusive

-diffculty trusting others

emotional abuse-emotional trauma

sexual abuse-sexual contact with minor

neglect-failure to meet child’s basic needs of shelter, food, clothing, medical assistance and supervision

parenting style of parents who listen receptively to opinions from their children are

authoritative

hitting, kicking, bitting, burning, or shaking the child

physical abuse

what it is true about the use of shame as punishement

it is psychological control

childhood social stages

lap child-near constant dependence on care and monitoring

-needs constant care

knee child- cared for mainly by the mother, and spend time with others (same-sex children)

yard child-social world

-spends time with same-sex peeers (unsupervised)

what are the imacts of media use?

-specfic emotions

-boys prefer games that are fighting and sports, girls prefer adventure and learning

-influenced by ads and will convince parents to buy what the products were from ad

-teaching moments for kids

-language development and math skills

-singing

-higher grades in math, english and science

-aggression levels are higher due to violence on tv and games

-experiencing pain for individuals when they see violence or preperaters not getting punished

-TV, compters and games on phones

-video games and music

-model beheavior of peers

-social side of music

Lucien is still cared for mainly by his mother, who just recently stopped breast feeding. He also spends a lot of time with his older siblings and older children who live nearby. When he is distressed, the older children comfort him if the mother is not in the vicinity. Using Mead's classification, Lucien would be considered a __________.

knee child

Hyejin is only chikd from China what is likely the impact of this?

higher cognitve development

what would you expect from 4 year old boy who is aggression and play?

engages in rough-tumble play when around other boys his age

what happens when children in early childhood use media

children are able to connect musical sounds with specfic emotions