External Structures of Prokaryotic Cells

Appendages are cell _________.

extensions

Some prokaryotes have some appendages and ___ others.

not

What are the types of appendages found on Eukaryotes?

1) Flagella 2) Pili 3) Fimbriae

What are the 4 Flagellar Arrangements?

1) Monotrichous 2) Amphitrichous 3) Lophotrichous 4) Peritrichous

Some cells have a single flagellum, this arrangement is called what?

Monotrichous

Some cells have a small cluster of flagella occupying the same spot. This arrangement is called what?

Lophotrichous

Some cells have one or a small cluster of flagella at either end of the cell. This arrangement is called what?

Amphitrichous

Some cells have flagella all over the cell, what are they called?

Peritrichous

Flagella are used for ______ (to get around)

motility

Fimbriae do not ____ like flagella, but endings enable them to ______ to other structures keeping the cell where it is.

move, attach

This is the term for some characteristic of a pathogen that allows it to better cause disease (i.e., enter, attach, evade the immune system, etc.)

virulence factor

_______ are considered a virulence factor.

fimbriae

Pili allow for ______ exchange between cells (closest thing to sex for bacteria).

genetic

__________ is a slimy layer mixed with carbohydrates and protein that like fimbriae help cells ______ to surfaces and evade immune response.

glycocalyx, attach

What are two ways to describe a glycocalyx?

1) Slime layer 2) Capsule

A small compact layer of a glycocalyx is called what?

capsule

A diffuse layer that looks messy and extensive of a glycocalyx is called what?

slime layer

In media samples of bacteria, glycocalyx appears ___ and _____ maintaining a slimy appearance.

wet, shiny

What are the two functions of glycocalyx?

1) capsule serves as protection against phagocytes 2) formation of biofilms

The _______ of a glycocalyx is another form of a virulence factor blocking detection of attachments.

capsule

Biofilms are a community of microbes that stick to a surface and protect themselves by secreting glycocalyx that causes them to ____ together in a network-like arrangment.

stick