APUSH - Period 2

Martin Luther

Sparked the Protestant Reformation with his 95 theses, influencing the founding of American colonies.

John Calvin

Developed the doctrine of predestination, which became central to Puritan beliefs in New England.

Puritans

English Protestant reformers seeking to purify the Church of England and establish a community of "visible saints."

Separatists

Puritans who broke away from the Church of England due to its unholy practices, seeking a pure religious community.

Mayflower Compact

An early document promoting self-government among Plymouth settlers, significant for American democracy.

Great Migration

The 1630s movement of 70,000 refugees from England, not all Puritans, to various locations including the Americas.

John Winthrop

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for 19 years, instrumental in its economic prosperity and community development.

Early Puritan Democracy

Limited to male Puritans, with a theocratic government enforcing God's laws, lacking full democratic rights.

Quakers

Challenged Puritan beliefs, faced persecution for their views on religious authority and salvation.

Rhode Island

Founded by Roger Williams for religious freedom, nicknamed "sewer" or "Little Rhody."

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A modern constitution establishing a democratic regime controlled by substantial citizens.

Puritan-Indian Relations

Initially friendly with Wampanoag Indians, deteriorated into conflict during the Pequot War and King Philip's War.

Pequot War

A conflict over land and trade that resulted in the annihilation of the Pequot tribe and a temporary peace.

New England Confederation

An early alliance among colonies for mutual defense and cooperation on intercolonial matters.

Benign Neglect

A period of minimal British interference in colonial affairs, allowing for semi-autonomous governance.

Dominion of New England

King James II's attempt to consolidate control over New England colonies, led by Sir Edmund Andros.

Salutary Neglect

A relaxed enforcement of Navigation Laws by new monarchs, allowing colonial trade autonomy.

Dutch Rivalry

The Dutch engaged in wars with England and established patroonships, but ultimately lost New Netherland to the English.

Quaker Beliefs

Emphasized equality, pacifism, and direct communication with God, leading to conflicts with authorities.

Pennsylvania

Known for its liberal land policies and religious tolerance, heavily advertised by William Penn.

Quaker Treatment of Native Americans

Fair and respectful, often engaging with them unarmed and employing them.

Quakers and Slavery

Strongly opposed to slavery, advocating for the rights of all individuals.

Middle Colonies

Nicknamed "bread colonies" due to their significant grain exports and fertile land.

Great Awakening

A religious revival emphasizing emotional connection to faith and accessibility to all, not just the educated.

Old Lights vs

Old Lights were traditionalists; New Lights were revivalists promoting emotionalism in religion.

John Peter Zenger Case

Landmark case for press freedom, establishing that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel.

Triangular Trade

A trading system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving the exchange of goods and slaves.

Colonial Society Structure

Evolving social stratification with elites, small farmers, and a growing underclass, including slaves.

Lumbering

The most important manufacturing activity in the colonies, vital for economic development.

Paxton Boys and Regulator Movement

Scots-Irish protests against government policies, reflecting tensions between different social classes.