shortie - Industrialization and Its Consequences

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to industrialization and its consequences.

Open Field System

A traditional farming method where large fields are divided into strips farmed by the community, with portions left fallow.

Agricultural Revolution

A period of significant agricultural development that included crop rotation and innovations like the seed drill and farm machinery.

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into larger farms, leading to the rise of market-oriented estates and the emergence of tenant farmers.

Political Causes of Industrialization in England

Factors such as the Enclosure Acts, the development of an empire, and a stable parliamentary government that facilitated industrial growth.

Economic Causes of Industrialization

Includes access to capital, labor supply, and advancements in technology and banking that supported industrial development.

Geographic Causes

Characteristics of England such as proximity to the sea, accessibility of raw materials like coal and iron ore, and natural waterways that enabled industrial expansion.

The New Man

A cultural archetype emerging during industrialization that embodied ideals of progress, innovation, and personal transformation.

First Factories

Industrial sites like cotton mills that mechanized textile production and bypassed traditional guild systems.

Power Problems in Industrialization

Challenges related to energy supply, leading to the adoption of coal and the creation of steam engines to provide unlimited power.

Infrastructure Development

Improvements in roads, canals, and railways that enhanced transport efficiency and supported urbanization during industrialization.

Revolution of 1848

A series of interconnected revolutions across Europe that were fueled by liberal demands for reform, nationalism, and economic hardship.

Social Conditions of the Industrial Revolution

The impact of industrialization on living conditions, including overcrowded housing, poor sanitation, and increased pollution.

Child Labor

The exploitation of children for factory work during industrialization, often in dangerous and unhealthy conditions.

Utilitarianism

The philosophical doctrine that actions are right if they promote happiness for the greatest number of people, associated with thinkers like Jeremy Bentham.

Reform Acts in Britain

Legislation aimed at expanding suffrage and improving social conditions, addressing the inequalities caused by industrialization.

Class Struggle

The conflict between different classes, particularly the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (workers), as described by Marx and Engels.