Globalization World Test

Outsourcing

When companies hire workers in other countries (usually where labor is cheaper) to save money and increase profits

Multinational Corporations

Big companies that do business in multiple countries, like Nike or McDonald’s

Migration

The movement of people across national borders, often driven by factors like job opportunities, higher wages, or better living standards

Surplus

A country sells (exports) more than it buys

Deficit

A country buys (imports) more than it sells

Global Trade

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries around the world

Agriculture

Farming- growing crops and raising animals for food

Industry

Making goods using machines, especially in factors

Manufacturing

Turning raw materials into finished products in large amounts (like making clothes or electronics)

Service

Jobs that provide help rather than goods- like teachers, doctors, or cashiers

Lack of Capital

Not having enough money to invest in new businesses, education, or technology

Agriculture

Many poor nations depend too much on farming, which can be unreliable

Cash Crops

Crops grown to sell (like coffee or cotton), not to feed local people

Subsistence Farming

When families grow just enough food to feed themselves

Limited Resources

Not enough access to things like clean water, energy, or land

Disparity in Wealth

A big gap between the rich and the poor

Environmental Concerns

Pollution, deforestation, and other damage caused by factories and rapid development

Brazil

A large democracy with lots of natural resources, but struggles with poverty and rainforest destruction

Russia

Rich in oil and gas, but faces corruption and environmental damage

India

Fast-growing economy with a large population and tech industry, but also deals with poverty and pollution

China

A global manufacturing leader with strong economic growth, but it faces major air pollution and human rights concerns

The World Bank

Gives loans and financial help to poor countries to support development

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Sets rules for global trade and helps solve trade problems between countries

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Lends money to countries in crisis and helps stabilize economies

European Union

A group of European countries that share trade rules and work together economically

United Nations (UN)

An international group that promotes peace, health, and human rights around th

Criticisms Of Globalization

• Hurts the environment

• Makes rich countries richer

• Can create unfair working conditions in poor countries

Kyoto Protocol of 1997

An agreement where countries promised to reduce pollution to slow climate change

Paris Agreement of 2015

A global climate deal where almost every country agreed to work together to fight climate change by reducing pollution and limiting global warming to below 2°C (ideally 1.5°C)

Limited Resources

Natural resources like water, land, oil, and clean air are not unlimited. As countries grow, especially developing ones, they often overuse these resources, which leads to shortages and environmental damage

Sustainability/Sustainable Development

Growing the economy while protecting natural resources for the future

Loss of Biodiversity

When animal and plant species die out due to pollution, climate change, and deforestation

Impact of Digital Divide on Developed and Less Developed Nations

Some countries have easy access to technology while others don’t. This create inequality in education, jobs, and healthcare.

Internet

Connects the world for communication, business, education, and banking

International Communication, Business, Sales, Banking

People and companies can work together across countries instantly through the internet

The Green Revolution

New farming methods (like better seeds and fertilizers) helped poor countries grow more food and reduce hunger

Impact on Mass Culture

Technology spreads music, movies, trends, and news globally

E-mail, WWW, Satellite TV, Cell phones

All these examples of mass culture make the world feel more connected

Antibiotics

Medicines that kill bacteria

Vaccines

Prevent people from getting diseases

Genetic Research

Study genes to find cures or prevent diseases

Surgical Breakthroughs

New tools and techniques for safer, more effective surgeries

Epidemic diseases (SARS, bird flu, swine flu, AIDS) continue to pose threats

Global travel and trade can spread so eases quickly. Epidemics (like COVID-19 or swine flu) can become worldwide problems, putting millions of lives at risk, especially in countries with weaker healthcare systems

Differences Between the Developed and the Developing World

Developed countries: Have strong healthcare systems, access to advanced medicines, and better overall health

Developing countries: Often lacks hospitals, doctors, vaccines, leading to higher deaths rates and lower life expectancy