quizlet for ap hg

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the process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade

Agriculture

Subsitence Agriculture

Primary goal is to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family. secondary goal is to sell or trade surplus for income or goods

Commercial Agriculture

to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit

Intensive Agriculture

An agricultural system in which large amounts of inputs such as energy, fertilizers, labor or machines to maximize yields

Extensive Agriculture

An agricultural system in which fewers amounts of inputs and result in less yields

Intensive subsistent Agriculture

a form of agriculture which is labor and animal intensive with low productivity

Extensive Commercial Agriculture

A form of agriculture that uses low inputs of resources but has the goal of selling the product for profit. Ranching is most common example

Extensive Subsistent Agriculture

Form of agriculture that uses few inputs with low productivity

Pastoral Nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

shifting cultivation

A type of subsistent extensive faming where farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two. When the soil loses fertility , they move to another field

Plantation Agriculture

Growing specialized crops such as bananas, coffee, and cacao in tropical developing countries, primarily for sale to developed countries. labor intensive and exploits low wage workers.

Mixed Crop and Livestock farming

Intensive Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans.

Grain farming

The mass planting and harvesting of grain crops, such as wheat, barley, and millet.

market gardening

the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants

Milk shed

the geographic distance that milk is delivered

Mediterranean agriculture

An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.

Transhumance

the seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter

Ranching

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.