parts of body and common human diseases

skeletal system

skull

auditory ossicles

vertebral column

thoracic cage = rib cage

pectoral girdle

upper limbs

pelvic girdle

lower limbs

nervous system

nerves

spinal cord

sensory nerves

motor nerves

muscular system

skeletal muscles

smoth muscles which is connect to your bones and let you move consciously like run, jump,….

circulatory system

= cardiovascular system

blood vessels

how heart works

The 4-Step Pumping Cycle

1. Receiving oxygen-poor blood: The right atrium receives oxygen-depleted blood returning from the body.

2. Pumping to the lungs: The right atrium pushes this blood into the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

3. Receiving oxygen-rich blood: The oxygen-filled blood returns from the lungs into the left atrium.

4. Pumping to the entire body: The left atrium pushes the blood into the left ventricle. This is the strongest chamber, and it pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aorta (động mạch chủ) out to the rest of the body.

urinary system

removes wast from the blood
converts it to urine

stores it until tinkle time

respiratory system

1. Breathe In (Inhale): You take air into your nose and mouth. The air moves down your windpipe into your lungs.

2. Swap Gases (Gas Exchange): In the lungs, oxygen from the air goes into your blood. Carbon dioxide (waste) leaves your blood and goes into the lungs.

3. Breathe Out (Exhale): Your body pushes the carbon dioxide out of your mouth and nose.

3 Main Parts to Remember

• Trachea (Windpipe): The main tube that carries air down to your lungs.

• Lungs: Two large bags in your chest that fill with air.

• Diaphragm: The muscle under your lungs that moves up and down to pull air in and push it out.

digestive system

sense of sight

sight
taste
smell
hearing
touch

taste sensations

sweet
salty
sour
hitter

Female Reproductive Organs (Cơ quan sinh sản nữ):

• Uterus / Womb (Tử cung): A hollow, pear-shaped organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.

• Ovaries (Buồng trứng): Two small organs on either side of the uterus that produce eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

• Fallopian Tubes (Ống dẫn trứng): Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.

• Fever (Sốt): High body temperature.

• Cough (Ho): Clearing the throat or lungs.

• Sore throat (Đau họng): Pain or irritation in the throat.

• Runny nose (Sổ mũi): Excess fluid draining from the nose.

• Headache (Đau đầu): Pain in the head.

• Fatigue (Mệt mỏi): Feeling extremely tired or lacking energy.

• Shortness of breath (Khó thở): Difficulty breathing or feeling winded.

• Nausea (Buồn nôn): Feeling sick in the stomach.

• Dizziness (Chóng mặt): Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.

• Body aches (Đau nhức cơ thể): Muscle pain across the body.

. Respiratory & Viral Diseases (Bệnh đường hô hấp & Virus)

• Common cold (Cảm lạnh thông thường): Mild viral infection causing a runny nose and sneezing.

• Influenza / Flu (Cúm mùa): Viral infection causing high fever, chills, and muscle aches.

• Bronchitis (Viêm phế quản): Inflammation of the main airways leading to the lungs.

• Pneumonia (Viêm phổi): Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs.

• COVID-19: Respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus.

2. Cardiovascular Diseases (Bệnh tim mạch)

• Hypertension (Cao huyết áp): Chronically high pressure of blood against artery walls.

• Coronary artery disease (Bệnh mạch vành): Blockage or narrowing of the main blood vessels to the heart.

• Stroke (Đột quỵ): Interruption of blood supply to part of the brain.

• Heart failure (Suy tim): Condition where the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should.

3. Metabolic & Endocrine Disorders (Bệnh chuyển hóa & Nội tiết)

• Type 2 Diabetes (Bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2): Chronic condition affecting how the body processes blood sugar (glucose).

• Fatty liver disease (Bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ): Accumulation of excess fat in liver cells.

• Hyperthyroidism / Hypothyroidism (Cường giáp / Suy giáp): Overactive or underactive thyroid gland.

4. Digestive Diseases (Bệnh tiêu hóa)

• Gastritis (Viêm dạ dày): Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease / GERD (Bệnh trào ngược dạ dày thực quản): Stomach acid frequently flowing back into the esophagus.

• Irritable bowel syndrome / IBS (Hội chứng ruột kích thích): Common disorder affecting the large intestine causing cramping and bloating.

5. Infectious & Vector-Borne Diseases (Bệnh truyền nhiễm & Do côn trùng)

• Dengue fever (Sốt xuất huyết): Mosquito-borne viral disease causing high fever and severe joint pain.

• Tuberculosis / TB (Bệnh lao): Serious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs.

• Hepatitis A / B / C (Viêm gan A / B / C): Viral infections causing liver inflammation.

male reprodutive system