Behavior Change and Health Disparities Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from HES 145 including wellness dimensions, public health achievements, health belief and change models, and goal-setting strategies.

Wellness

Optimal health and vitality, characterized by eight interacting dimensions that continuously influence one another.

Eight Dimensions of Wellness

The interconnected areas that influence overall well-being: Emotional, Spiritual, Intellectual, Physical, Environmental, Financial, Occupational, and Social.

Illness-Wellness Continuum

A model conceptualized by Dr. John W. Travis that spans from Premature Death to High-Level Wellness, separated by a Neutral Point where there is no discernable illness or wellness.

Infectious Disease

A disease that is communicable from one person to another.

Chronic Disease

A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time.

Quantity vs. Quality of Life

A comparison showing an overall U.S. life expectancy of $78.1\,years$, consisting of $66.4\,years$ of healthy life and $11.7\,years$ of impaired life.

Potentially Preventable Deaths

The proportion of annual deaths (up to $40\%$) from leading causes that are preventable, including $39\%$ of unintentional injuries, $39\%$ of chronic lower respiratory diseases, $34\%$ of heart disease deaths, $33\%$ of stroke deaths, and $21\%$ of cancer deaths.

Leading Causes of Death for Ages 10–24

The primary causes of mortality in individuals aged 10 to 24, led by unintentional injuries ($38.1\%$), suicide ($19.7\%$), and homicide ($15.1\%$).

Healthy People 2020

A national initiative focused on increasing the quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities among Americans.

3FOUR50

A health concept stating that $3$ risk factors (tobacco use, poor diet including harmful alcohol use, and lack of physical activity) contribute to $4$ chronic diseases (heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung disease, and some cancers), causing over $50\%$ of preventable deaths worldwide.

Healthy Campus 2030 Student Objectives

Health focus areas tailored specifically for college students, encompassing mental health and suicide, healthcare utilization and immunization, interpersonal violence, nutrition and food security, physical activity and sleep, sexual and reproductive health, and substance use.

Health Misinformation

A public health crisis characterized by false health information that confuses the public, leads to vaccine refusal, prompts unproven treatments, and causes rejection of commonsense health measures like masking.

Health Belief Model

A model developed in the 1950s by U.S. Public Health Service psychologists asserting that behavior change occurs when there is perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, manageable barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action.

Social Cognitive Model

A model of behavior change based on the reciprocal interaction of three factors: the social environment, inner thoughts and feelings, and behaviors.

Transtheoretical Model

A framework outlining behavior change through six sequential stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

Precontemplation Stage

The initial stage in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual has no intention of changing their behavior.

Contemplation Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual acknowledges a problem and intends to change within the foreseeable future.

Preparation Stage

Also called Determination, the stage in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual plans to take action within the next month and begins making a game plan.

Action Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual actively modifies their behavior and environment to initiate positive change.

Maintenance Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model focused on sustaining the new behavior change and preventing relapse.

Termination Stage

The final stage in the Transtheoretical Model where a permanent lifestyle change is achieved with zero temptation to return to previous behaviors.

SMART System

A framework for effective goal setting requiring goals to be Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented or Attainable, Realistic, and Time-oriented or Time frame-Specific.

Shaping

A behavior change technique that breaks down a major goal into a series of small, manageable incremental steps.

Countering

A strategy in behavior modification that involves substituting a desired healthy behavior in place of an undesired unhealthy behavior.

Behavior Change Contract

A formal written document detailing a target behavior, long-term goal, identified obstacles, overcoming strategies, resources, short-term mini-goals, target dates, and rewards.