LESSON 1: PART 5 - DOWN SYNDROME, MENTAL RETARDATION AND AUTISM

• Specific Language Impairment

• Impairment in Social relationships

• Impairment of Play

Wing’s Triad of Classical Autism:

• Autistic Aloneness

• Desire for Sameness

• Islets of Ability

Kanner’s Features of Classical Autism

Autistic Aloneness

Inability to relate themselves to people and situations from the beginning

Autistic Aloneness

Disregarding, ignoring and shutting out anything that comes from the environment

Desire for Sameness

Noises and motions are monotonously repetitive

Islets of Ability

Outstanding vocabulary of speaking children

Islets of Ability

Excellent memory for events, phenomenal route of memory for data

Islets of Ability

Precise recollection of complex patterns and sequences

• Valproic acid

• Thalidomide

Intake of drugs: ————-, —————- have been linked with a higher risk of having ASD during pregnancy

• DIABETES

• OBESITY

• UNTREATED PHENYLKETONURIA

common causes of ASD?

phenylketonuria

an inborn error of metabolism resulting to decrease metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine

12 months

Possible “Red Flags” Signs: Not respond to their name

14 months

Possible “Red Flags” Signs: Not point at objects to show interest

18 months

Possible “Red Flags” Signs: Not play “pretend” games

echolalia

Repeat words or phrases over and over

AUTISM

Have unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel

AUTISM

Flap their hands, rock their body, or spin in circles

AUTISM

Reverses pronouns (e.g., says “you” instead of “I”)

AUTISM

Gives unrelated answers to questions

AUTISM

Does not point or respond to pointing

AUTISM

Does not understand jokes, sarcasm, or teasing

AUTISM

Hard time using and understanding gestures, body language, or tone of voice

AUTISM

Hyperactivity (very active)

1 year

ASD Characteristic by Age: No response upon presence or absence of parent

2 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Resisted walking or sometimes had to be forced

2 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Running everywhere constantly but no specific goal in mind

2 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Tiptoe gait when running and clockwork gait

• TIPTOE GAIT

• CLOCKWORK GAIT

USUAL GAIT OF ASD

3 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Frequent, sudden tantrums

3 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Hard to tolerate change in road routes, manners of carrying out activities

3 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Single word use, naming things for himself

3 years

ASD Characteristic by Age: Use of “you/he/she” instead of “ I /me”

18 months

ASD can sometimes be detected at ——- or younger

• social skills training

• occupational therapy

• physical therapy

• sensory integration therapy

• assistive technology

TREATMENT OF ASD