Science revision

What is an element

A pure substance made of only one type of atom.

What is a compound

A pure substance made when two or more elements are chemically joined.

What is a mixture

Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically joined.

What is a pure substance

Has only one type of particle, either an element or compound.

solution

A mixture where a solute dissolves completely in a solvent to make a uniform mixture.

What is a colloid

A mixture where tiny particles are spread evenly but do not settle, making it cloudy.

What is a suspension

A mixture where solid particles float in a liquid but settle over time.

What is an aqueous solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

What is a saturated solution

A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

What is a concentrated solution

Contains a large amount of solute.

What is a dilute solution

Contains a small amount of solute.

What is solubility

The amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature.

What is the solute

The substance that dissolves.

What is the solvent

The liquid that dissolves the solute.

What is the solution

The final mixture of solute and solvent.

Why is water called the universal solvent

Because it dissolves most substances

How does temperature affect solubility

Higher temperatures increase solubility.

coagulation

A process where chemicals cause dirt particles to clump together.

What is flocculation

The stirring of a liquid to make clumps form bigger particles.

What is sedimentation

When heavy clumps sink to the bottom.

What is filtration

When a mixture passes through a filter to trap particles.

What is sterilisation

The process of using chemicals or heat to kill microbes.

What is a solar eclipse

When the Moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth.

What is a lunar eclipse

When the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon.

What is potable water

Safe drinking water.

What is non potable water

Unsafe drinking water.

What is centrifuging

Spinning mixtures fast so heavy particles move outward and separate.

What is distillation

Separating liquids based on different boiling points.

What is decantation

Pouring off the liquid from the top, leaving solids behind.

What is crystallisation

Forming solid crystals from a solution.

What is chromatography

A method that separates substances based on how far they travel on paper.

What is a homogeneous mixture

Evenly mixed with no visible particles.

What is a heterogeneous mixture

Not evenly mixed, with visible differences.

What is a structural adaptation

A physical feature that helps survival.

What is a physiological adaptation

An automatic body process that helps survival.

What is a behavioural adaptation

A learned or instinctive behaviour that helps survival.

What are producers

Organisms that make their own food.

What are consumers

Organisms that eat plants or other animals.

What is an organism

A single living thing.

What is a population

A group of one species living in an area.

What is a community

All the different species living and interacting in an area.

What is an ecosystem

The interactions between living and non living parts of an environment.

What is the lithosphere

The solid part of the Earth.

What is the hydrosphere

All water on Earth.

What is the atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding Earth.

What is the biosphere

All living things on Earth.

What does biotic mean

Living parts of an ecosystem.

What does abiotic mean

Non living parts of an ecosystem.

What is a planet

A large round object that orbits a star.

What is a star

A large, hot ball of gas that produces its own light and heat.

What is a galaxy

A massive system of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

What is a food chain

A sequence that shows who eats whom for energy.

What is a food web

A group of connected food chains in an ecosystem.

What is an independent variable

The factor you change in an experiment.

What is a dependent variable

The factor you measure in an experiment.

What are adaptations

Traits that help organisms survive in their environment.

What is mutualism

A relationship where both organisms benefit.

What is commensalism

A relationship where one benefits and the other is unaffected.

What is parasitism

A relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed.

What is competition

When organisms try to get the same resource.

What is a predator

An animal that hunts others.

What is prey

An animal that is hunted.

What are herbivores

Animals that eat plants.

What are carnivores

Animals that eat other animals.

What are omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and animals.

What are decomposers

Organisms that break down dead matter.

What are beneficial microbes

Microbes that help processes like digestion or decomposition.

What are harmful microbes

Microbes that cause disease or spoil food.

What is cool burning

A controlled, low heat fire used to manage the environment safely.

What are the benefits of floods

They add nutrients to soil and support breeding.

What are the harms of floods

They can wash away soil and destroy homes.