Science revision
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70 Terms
element
A pure substance made of only one type of atom.
compound
A pure substance made when two or more elements are chemically joined.
mixture
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically joined.
pure substance
has only one type of particle
solution
A mixture where a solute dissolves completely in a solvent to make a uniform mixture.
colloid
A mixture where tiny particles are spread evenly but do not settle, making it cloudy.
suspension
A mixture where solid particles float in a liquid but settle over time.
aqueous solution
A solution where water is the solvent.
saturated solution
A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature.
concentrated solution
Contains a large amount of solute.
dilute solution
Contains a small amount of solute.
solubility
The amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature.
solute
The substance that dissolves.
solvent
The liquid that dissolves the solute.
solution
The final mixture of solute and solvent.
coagulation
A process where chemicals cause dirt particles to clump together.
flocculation
The stirring of a liquid to make clumps form bigger particles.
sedimentation
When heavy clumps sink to the bottom.
filtration
When a mixture passes through a filter to trap particles.
sterilisation
The process of using chemicals or heat to kill microbes.
solar eclipse
When the Moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth.
lunar eclipse
When the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon.
potable water
Safe drinking water.
non potable water
Unsafe drinking water.
centrifuging
Spinning mixtures fast so heavy particles move outward and separate.
distillation
Separating liquids based on different boiling points.
decantation
Pouring off the liquid from the top, leaving solids behind.
crystallisation
Forming solid crystals from a solution.
chromatography
A method that separates substances based on how far they travel on paper.
homogeneous mixture
Evenly mixed with no visible particles.
heterogeneous mixture
Not evenly mixed, with visible differences.
structural adaptation
A physical feature that helps survival.
physiological adaptation
An automatic body process that helps survival.
behavioural adaptation
A learned or instinctive behaviour that helps survival.
producers
Organisms that make their own food.
consumers
Organisms that eat plants or other animals.
organism
A single living thing.
population
A group of one species living in an area.
community
All the different species living and interacting in an area.
ecosystem
The interactions between living and non living parts of an environment.
lithosphere
The solid part of the Earth.
hydrosphere
All water on Earth.
atmosphere
The layer of gases surrounding Earth.
independent variable
The factor you change in an experiment.
dependent variable
The factor you measure in an experiment.
adaptations
Traits that help organisms survive in their environment.
mutualism
A relationship where both organisms benefit.
commensalism
A relationship where one benefits and the other is unaffected.
parasitism
A relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed.
competition
When organisms try to get the same resource.
predator
An animal that hunts others.
prey
An animal that is hunted.
herbivores
Animals that eat plants.