BIOL1406 Week 8 Module

The priming reactions of glycolysis are:

a. exergonic

b. endergonic, but coupled to exergonic reactions

c. reversible.

a. exergonic

Glucose is stable. To get the glucose molecule to break down, energy in the form of ATP has to be invested. Phosphorylating glucose requires energy input. The loss of a phosphate from ATP supplies the energy needed, in a coupled reaction. Coupled reactions, or reactions that release a significant amount of energy or require a significant energy investment, are typically irreversible reactions

In the first reaction of glycolysis, ATP is converted to ADP, and the energy released by this reaction fuels the first step of glycolysis. Where does the phosphate group from ATP go?

a. It is lost as inorganic phosphate.

b. It is used to make ATP.

c. It is transferred to glucose.

d. It is used to release glucose into the bloodstream.

c. It is transferred to glucose.

In the first reaction of glycolysis, a phosphate group is added to glucose to increase the energy level of the molecule, and to decrease its stability to get it to break down.

What forms of energy are released during the energy yielding phase of glycolysis? Check all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]

a. ATP from substrate level phosphorylation.

b. carbon dioxide

c. oxygen

d. high energy electrons

e. water

f. NADPH

a. ATP from substrate level phosphorylation.

d. high energy electrons

Energy released during glycolysis includes ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation, and high energy electrons that have been transferred to NAD+.

d. In Step 6 of glycolysis, two high energy electrons are transferred to NAD+

Glycolysis takes place in the:

a. cell cytoplasm

b. Golgi stacks

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. mitochondria

a. cell cytoplasm

Glycolysis is:

a. aerobic

b. anaerobic

c. unproductive

b. anaerobic

How many redox reactions are there in one turn of the Kreb's cycle?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

d. 4

Where in the cell does the Kreb's cycle take place?

a. cell cytoplasm

b. Golgi stacks

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. mitochondria

d. mitochondria

The Kreb's cycle is:

a. aerobic

b. anaerobic

c. can take place whether oxygen is present or not.

a. aerobic

The outer mitochondrial compartment is called the:

a. cristae

b. intermembrane space

c. matrix

d. thylakoid

b. intermembrane space

The inner mitochondrial compartment is called the:

a. cristae

b. intermembrane space

c. matrix

d. thylakoid

c. matrix

Which of the following characteristics are true of mitochondria? Check all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]

a. Proton concentration is higher in the outer compartment than the inner compartment.

b. Proton concentration is higher in the inner compartment than the outer compartment.

c. The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons (hydrogen ions).

d. The inner mitochondrial compartment is more negatively charged than the outer mitochondrial compartment.

e. The outer mitochondrial compartment is more negatively charged than the inner mitochondrial compartment.

f. The pH of the inner mitochondrial compartment is lower than that of the outer compartment.

g. The outer mitochondrial compartment is more acidic than the inner compartment.

h. The inner mitochondrial membrane is permeable to oxygen.

a. Proton concentration is higher in the outer compartment than the inner compartment

c. The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons (hydrogen ions).

d. The inner mitochondrial compartment is more negatively charged than the outer mitochondrial compartment.

g. The outer mitochondrial compartment is more acidic than the inner compartment.

What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chaing

a. NAD+

b. FAD

c. cytochrome Q

d. cytochrome a3

e. oxygen

e. oxygen

Regulation of which of the following enzymes determines whether or not glycolysis proceeds to completion?

a. hexokinase

b. phosphofructokinase

c. enolase

d. pyruvate kinase

b. phosphofructokinase

Glycolysis is activated when:

a. cellular energy levels are low

b. cellular energy levels are high

c. you are sleeping

a. cellular energy levels are low

What are some endproducts of glucose fermentation (depending on fermentation pathway)?

[mark all correct answers]

a. amino acids

b. lactic acid

c. pyruvate

d. acetyl CoA

e. ethanol

f. oxygen

b. lactic acid

e. ethanol

Which of the following enzymes require Mg2+ as a cofactor?

[mark all correct answers]

a. hexokinase

b. phosphoglucose isomerase

c. phosphofructokinase

d. aldolase

e. triosephosphate isomerase

f. glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

g. phosphoglycerate kinase

h. phosphoglycerate mutase

i. enolase

j. pyruvate kinase

a. hexokinase

c. phosphofructokinase

f. glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

g. phosphoglycerate kinase

i. enolase

j. pyruvate kinase

What are the electron carrier(s) that function in the Kreb's cycle?

[mark all correct answers]

a. iron-sulfur proteins

b. cytochrome Q

c. Oxygen

d. phosphate groups

e. NAD+

f. ADP

g. FAD

e. NAD+

g. FAD

Which electron acceptors function in the electron transport chain? Check all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]

a. iron-sulfur proteins

b. cytochrome Q

c. oxygen

d. phosphate groups

e. NAD+

f. ADP

g. FAD

a. iron-sulfur proteins

b. cytochrome Q

c. oxygen

e. NAD+

g. FAD

What happens to the high energy electrons that are released during glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle?

a. The electrons are transported out of the cell, through circulation, to the liver.

b. The electrons are transported to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

c. The electrons are transferred to the protein synthesizing machinery of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

d. The energy of these electrons is lost as heat.

b. The electrons are transported to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

During the process of electron transport along the inner mitochondrial membrane, protons are pumped:

a. out of the mitochondria

b. into the mitochondrial matrix

c. into the intermembrane space (outer compartment) of the mitochondria

d. to the electron carrier, NAD+

c. into the intermembrane space (outer compartment) of the mitochondria

The electrochemical gradient formed across the ______________________ during electron transport enables the production of ATP.

a. inner mitochondrial membrane

b. outer mitochondrial membrane

c. nuclear membrane

d. plasma membrane

b. outer mitochondrial membrane

Which of the folloiwng substances are inhibitors of cellular respiration?

[mark all correct answers]

a. lactose

b. ADP

c. enolase

d. oligomycin

e. magnesium ions

f. cyanide

g. fluoride

h. azide

d. oligomycin f. cyanide

f. cyanide

g. fluoride

h. azide