DBQ

Period of global exploration expansion

1450-1750

Key reason Europeans could travel farther

New navigation technology

Main effect of tech innovations

Rise of maritime empires

Magnetic Compass (origin)

China; helped steer ships

Astrolabe (origin)

Improved by Muslim navigators; measured latitude

Caravel (origin)

Portuguese; fast, 3-masted ship

Lateen Sail (origin)

Arab sailors; triangular sail, sail against wind

Rudder (origin)

China; better ship control

Cartography

Mapmaking; improved with knowledge of winds & currents

Astronomical chart

Star maps for navigation

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese ruler who funded African coast exploration

Isaac Newton

Gravity discovery improved tide prediction

Tsar Peter the Great

Modernized Russia's navy using European tech

Alexander Neckham

Described magnetic compass use in navigation

Indian Ocean Trade goods

Silk, spices, tea

Omani-European rivalry

Portuguese vs. Omani traders for Indian Ocean control

Columbus's goal

New route to India; led to Atlantic connection

Columbian exchange items

(Preview) Sugar, tobacco, rum, slaves, silk, spices

Primogeniture laws

Oldest son inherits all land

Result of primogeniture

Younger sons explored for fortune

Population growth effect

Not enough land/jobs; pushed migration

Religious minorities' motive

Seeking tolerance

Carrack - purpose & users

Trade; Portugal

Caravel - purpose & users

Long voyages, fast; Portugal & Spain

Fluyt - purpose & users

Cargo trade; Dutch

Gunpowder (origin)

China; improved European conquest power

Sea Beggars

Dutch pirates using gunpowder weapons

Maritime empires examples

Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, Netherlands

Economic key term

Primogeniture laws

Tech key terms

Cartography, Astrolabe, Compass

Government key term

Maritime empires