Ecosystems - Role of Organisms & Symbiosis (2023)

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40 Terms

1

predator

An organism that hunts and eats other organisms to live.

<p>An organism that hunts and eats other organisms to live.</p>

2

prey

The organism that is hunted and eaten by a predator.

<p>The organism that is hunted and eaten by a predator.</p>

3

habitat

the place where an organism lives

<p>the place where an organism lives</p>

4

producers

organisms that use sunlight directly to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

<p>organisms that use sunlight directly to make food through a process called photosynthesis.</p>

5

consumers

organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms for energy

<p>organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms for energy</p>

6

decomposers

organisms that get energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and animal wastes.

<p>organisms that get energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and animal wastes.</p>

7

scavengers

animals that feed on the bodies of dead organisms.

<p>animals that feed on the bodies of dead organisms.</p>

8

herbivore

eats producers (plant eater) - primary consumer

<p>eats producers (plant eater) - primary consumer</p>

9

carnivore

meat eater - consumer

<p>meat eater - consumer</p>

10

omnivore

eats both plants and meat - consumer

<p>eats both plants and meat - consumer</p>

11

photosynthesis

plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars

<p>plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars</p>

12

chlorophyll

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

<p>green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis</p>

13

oxygen

a gas released by plants during photosynthesis

<p>a gas released by plants during photosynthesis</p>

14

carbon dioxide

a gas taken in by plants during photosynthesis

<p>a gas taken in by plants during photosynthesis</p>

15

sun

source of all energy on earth

<p>source of all energy on earth</p>

16

ecosystem

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment

<p>all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment</p>

17

niche

A role or "job" a plant or animal plays in its habitat

<p>A role or "job" a plant or animal plays in its habitat</p>

18

adaptation

a trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive

<p>a trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive</p>

19

carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle

the process by which carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle among plants, animals, and the environment

<p>the process by which carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle among plants, animals, and the environment</p>

20

enzymes

chemical used to break down the remains of plants, animals, and wastes.

<p>chemical used to break down the remains of plants, animals, and wastes.</p>

21

equilibrium

A state of balance

<p>A state of balance</p>

22

bacteria

a microscopic decomposer

<p>a microscopic decomposer</p>

23

symbiosis

a close relationship between two or more organisms

<p>a close relationship between two or more organisms</p>

24

commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

<p>A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected</p>

25

parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

<p>A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed</p>

26

mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

<p>A relationship between two species in which both species benefit</p>

27

host

An organism on which a parasite lives.

<p>An organism on which a parasite lives.</p>

28

The three main substances needed for plants to perform photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide, water, sunlight

<p>carbon dioxide, water, sunlight</p>

29

How decomposers help an ecosystem?

Put nutrients back in the soil for plants to grow.

<p>Put nutrients back in the soil for plants to grow.</p>

30

Examples of decomposers

bacteria, mushrooms, Fungi (earhworms)

<p>bacteria, mushrooms, Fungi (earhworms)</p>

31

food chain

the transfer of food energy between organisms in an ecosystem

<p>the transfer of food energy between organisms in an ecosystem</p>

32

food web

a group of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem

<p>a group of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem</p>

33

energy pyramid

A diagram that shows how much food energy is passed from one organism to the next at each level in a food chain

<p>A diagram that shows how much food energy is passed from one organism to the next at each level in a food chain</p>

34

primary consumer

organisms that eat producers; also called first-level consumer

<p>organisms that eat producers; also called first-level consumer</p>

35

Second level consumer

organisms that eat primary consumers

<p>organisms that eat primary consumers</p>

36

How much energy is passed from one level to the next in an energy pyramid?

10%

<p>10%</p>

37

Pollination

transfer of pollen from one flower to another in order to produce seeds and have more flowers.

<p>transfer of pollen from one flower to another in order to produce seeds and have more flowers.</p>

38

phytoplankton

Microscopic organisms that are producers in the ocean and supply at least 50% of oxygen on Earth

<p>Microscopic organisms that are producers in the ocean and supply at least 50% of oxygen on Earth</p>

39

decay

to break down or decompose

<p>to break down or decompose</p>

40

In Ohio, producers make the most food during which time of the year?

Summer because it has the most daylight hours (sun)

<p>Summer because it has the most daylight hours (sun)</p>