Shakespeare 415 Midterm Review

What is metanoia?

The words and actions of repentance

What is hamartia?

A tragic flaw or blemish that contributes to the character’s downfall (also the Greek word for “sin”)

What is anagoresis?

A moment of insight or recognition when the character realizes what has happened and takes responsibility.

What is epicureanism?

The opposite of duty/stoicism, it privileges pleasure, desire, and self over duty to family, friends, and the state.

What are some new innovations in thinking and logic from the Renaissance?

• The truth is what we SEE

• We need to organize data and give an explanation for it

  • This is called inductive reasoning, the modern scientific method.

What is stoicism?

A philosophy that taught freedom through reason and control of emotions and desires.

What is the hierarchy of duty?

1) God

2) State

3) Family

4) Friends

5) Self

What does a final rhyming couplet do?

It gives a purposeful end to a scene or monologue.

What is an example of a final rhyming couplet?

In 1 Henry IV, Prince Hal confides in the audience that he is going to behave like a “bad boy” so that he will be all the more appreciated once he reforms. He says, “I’ll so offend to make offense a skill / Redeeming time when men think least I will.”

What is an antimetabole?

The words and grammatical structure are reversed as well as the meaning.

What is an example of an antimetabole?

• “Eat to live, not live to eat.”

• “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”

• “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.”

What is an example of a paradox?

• “I must be cruel to be kind.”

• If I did love you in my master’s flame / With such a suffering, such a deadly life…”

What are congeries?

A collection of things together.

What is an example of congeries?

“Will you help? An ass-head and a coxcomb, and a knave, a thin-face knave, a gull!”

What is self-fashioning?

The process of constructing one’s identity and public persona to reflect a set of cultural standards or social codes.

What is an example of self-fashioning?

“Disguise, I see thou art a wickedness / Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. How easy it is for the proper false / In women’s waxen hearts to set their forms.”

What makes up the class of “gentlemen”?

• Monarch

• Nobles

  • Dukes

  • Marquesses

  • Earls

  • Viscounts

  • Barons

How did one become a noble?

It was either inherited or given to someone by a monarch.

What is primogeniture?

When only the eldest son inherits a title from a noble parent while the young sons are only “gentleman.”

What is a gentleman?

Someone who (in theory) was in university or otherwise well-educated and able to live without manual labor.

A gentleman needed to…

1) Be able to afford an education

2) Be able to maintain his social position WITHOUT having to work with his hands

In the four humors, what is black bile?

Melancholy/sad, introverted, thoughtful

In the four humors, what is yellow bile?

Choleric, ambitious, energy/passion, easily angered

In the four humors, what is phlem?

Phlegmatic, self-content, consistent, observant, relaxed/quiet

In the four humors, what is blood?

Sanguine, extroverted, jolly, and pleasure-seeking