Central Nervous System and Neuroglial Cells

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on the central nervous system, brain structures, neuroglial cells, neurotransmitter functions, and neuron physiology.

What are the two functional divisions of the central nervous system related to biceps brachii and heart rate control?

Somatic motor for biceps brachii; visceral motor for heart rate.

Which type of neuroglial cells are responsible for monitoring and regulating neuron environments in the PNS?

Satellite cells.

What is the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

They produce, move, and monitor cerebrospinal fluid.

What role do oligodendrocytes serve in the CNS?

They are responsible for the myelin sheath.

What happens when threshold is reached at -60mv in neurons?

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, causing depolarization.

Which structure contains respiratory centers in the brainstem?

Pons.

What neurotransmitter inhibits dopamine in the CNS?

GABA.

What type of neuroglial cells are phagocytic in the CNS?

Microglial cells.

What determines the function of a neurotransmitter?

The receptor the neurotransmitter binds to.

What neurotransmitter stimulates contraction in skeletal muscle?

Acetylcholine.

Which structure is the site for cerebrospinal fluid production?

Choroid plexus.

What type of axons does the dorsal root contain?

Sensory axons.

Which type of reflex occurs when you place your hand on a hot stove?

Flexor reflex.

What reflex causes antagonistic muscles to relax during withdrawal from a painful stimulus?

Reciprocal inhibition.

What are the higher order functions performed by the cerebrum?

Conscious thought, decision-making, and processing.

Which brain structure is responsible for the cardiovascular center?

Medulla Oblongata.

What type of neuroglial cells are part of the choroid plexus?

Ependymal cells.

What is the major role of the hypothalamus?

Regulating emotions, appetite, thermoregulation, and homeostatic feedback.

What is the order of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

What is true regarding white matter and gray matter organization?

White matter is divided into columns, gray matter into horns.

What neurotransmitter is used in pathways for maintaining arousal and attention?

Histamine.

Which neurotransmitter is major in the reward pathway?

Dopamine.

What happens during hyperpolarization?

Potassium continues leaving the cell due to slow closing channels.

What is the visual reflex's brain location compared to perception of vision?

Visual reflex occurs in the midbrain; perception occurs in the occipital lobe.

Which lobe contains Wernicke's area?

Temporal lobe.

What is characteristic of the dorsal root ganglion?

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies.

What controls the pace for breathing in the brain?

Pons.

What defines a spinal nerve's information relay capabilities?

It relays both sensory and motor information.