DMS 221 Penny Chapter 26 Terms

Fetal Skeleton

includes the bones of the upper extremities, lower extremities, and pelvic girdle

appendicular skeleton

includes the bones of cranium and spine

axial skeleton

syndrome associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx; also referred to as sacral agenesis

caudal regression syndrome

the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and elongated occipital horn

colpocephaly

abnormal short stature

dwarfism

the abnormal development of a structure

dysplasia

the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element

hemivertebra

most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by rhizomelia

heterozygous achondroplasia

the fatal form of achondroplasia

homozygous achondroplasia

the combination of both scoliosis and kyphosis in the fetus

kypohoscoliosis

an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine

kyphosis

fetal abnormality characterized by fusion of the lower extremities, renal agenesis, and oligohydramnios; may also be referred to as sirenomelia

mermaid syndrome

a group of disorders that result in multiple fractures in utero; caused by decreased mineralization and poor ossification of the bones

osteogenesis imperfecta

absence or underdevelopment of the radius

radial ray defect

shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

rhizomelia

the nondevelopment of the sacrum; see key term caudal regression syndrome

sacral agenesis

an opening in the skin over the distal spine

sacral dimple

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

a fetal abnormality characterized by fusion of the lower extremities, renal agenesis, and oligohydramnios; may also be referred to as mermaid syndrome

sirenomelia

most common lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull with frontal bossing and hydrocephalus

thanatophoric dysplasia

a wide separation between the middle and ring finger

trident hand

an acronym for a combination of abnormalities that represent vertebral anomalies, anorectal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb anomalies; may also be referred to as VATER association

VACTERL association