Photosynthesis and leaf anatomy

So I won't be cooked for the test

Photolysis

When light strikes chlorophyll in photosystem II

Photosystem II

Where does light strike during photolysis

splitting of water

Photolysis is the ____________ (hint: three words) using light energy

Excited

During photolysis, electrons become ____

Electron transport chain

proteins that transfer electrons and create a concentration gradient of high to low of protons (H+)

Light dependent

The stage of photosynthesis that occurs in the thylakoid membrane

CO2 + H20 + sunlight

three reactants for photosynthesis (chemical formula form)

NADPH + ATP + O2

Products of the light DEPENDENT reaction of photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Light strikes the _____ in photosystem II to kickstart photosynthesis

products, reactants

The ___ of cell respiration are the ____ for photosynthesis

replenish electrons, photosystem II

Water is split in the second step of photolysis to ______ _____ from _______ ____

proton

H+, also known as a hydrogen ion, is a ____

stroma, thylakoid space

As electrons continue down the ETC, their energy is used to pump H+ ions from the ______ to the _____ (EXCEPT ATP SYNTHASE!!!)

Stoma

A SINGULAR term for tiny pores found in the surface of leaves

Gas exchange

The stomata are in charge of ____ _____ in the leaf

Red`

Chlorophyll thrives best under ____ light

Green

Chlorophyll reflects ____ light

False

True or false: Putting a leaf under green light will make it grow faster

Facilitated diffusion

Type of transport that ETC uses to pump electrons from one space to the other

Epidermis

Outermost leaf cells that protect the inner tissues

Epidermis

The stomata lie within the _____ of the leaf

True

True or false: Leaves have mitochondria

Stroma

Fluid surrounding the thylakoids

Green disks

Thylakoids are the basis for light-dependent reaction and resemble _____ ____

membrane, space

Two parts of a thylakoid: Thylakoid ______ and Thylakoid ______

Thylakoid membrane

Which of the two parts of a thylakoid is the place where light dependent reactions occur?

twice

Light has to excite electrons _____ for photosynthesis

NADP+, NADPH

_____ is the FIRST electron carrier that turns into _______ after it accepts electrons

Reduction

The process of GAINING electrons and a hydrogen atom (H+)

Oxidation

The process of LOSING electrons and a hydrogen atom (H+).

loses

When a molecule is MORE OXIDIZED, it ____ electrons,

gains, energy-rich

When a molecule is LESS OXIDIZED (a.k.a REDUCED), it ____ electrons, which makes the molecule ____-______

electrons, hydrogen

When a molecule is ENERGY-RICH, it can carry and store _____ and _____ atoms

stroma

NADPH carries electrons to the _____

False

True or false: FADH2 is another carrier in photosynthesis

FADH2

The REDUCED form of a molecule that is only an electron carrier in the KREBS CYCLE

FAD

The oxidized form of FADH2

ATP synthase

protein that lets H+ through using facilitated diffusion

Stomata

Oxygen created during photosynthesis leaves the leaf through the _____ (hint: pl. term)

NADPH + ATP

Products of the light dependent reaction

RuBisCo

enzyme that ‘glues’ CO2 and RuBP together in the Calvin cycle

Light independent

The Calvin Cycle is also known as the ____ ____ reaction

3 CO2 + 3 RuBP = 6 3-PGA

Chemical formula for phase one of the calvin cycle

Carbons

1 G3p has three _____

1

amount of carbon in CO2

5

Amount of carbon in RuBP

gains, G3P

During phase 2 (Reduction), 3-PGA (phosphoglycerate) ____ electrons and H+, becoming ______

light intensity, CO2 concentration, temperature, wavelength of light

Factors that affect Photosynthesis

in bonds between phosphates

Where is ATP stored?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Chemical formula for the general process of photosynthesis

Glucose

The Calvin Cycle is the synthesis of ____

sunlight, chemical

The light dependent reaction is the process of converting ____ energy to ____ energy

to conserve water

Why do night-time plants like cacti close their stomata during the day?

Plants, bacteria, protists, algae

What organisms can perform photosynthesis?

phosphate group

NADPH is different from NADH because it has an extra ____ ____

mesophyll cells

plant cells located in the leaves where photosynthesis occurs, containing chloroplasts.

pigment

Chlorophyll is a _____

absorb light energy

A pigment’s job is to ____ ___ ____

concentration gradient

The ETC pumps H+ ions to the thylakoid space to create a ______ ______

thylakoid membrane

The ETC and ATP synthase proteins are embedded along the ______ ______

ADP + Pi

Molecules that create ATP when combined

RuBP

At the end of the Calvin Cycle, 1G3P leaves the cycle and the other 5 regenerate into

Regeneration

The last step of the Calvin Cycle: 5 G3P (5 × 3 = 15 carbon atoms) is turned into 3 RuBP (3 × 5 =15 carbon atoms) 15=15, carbon atoms preserved

2

How many G3Ps make one glucose? (think of how many molecules 1 G3P and 1 glucose have)

Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoids

Parts of a chloroplast

granum

Stacks of thylakoids

Vascular tissue

Part of the leaf that is not involved in photosynthesis but transports nutrients to other parts of the plant