Medical Terminology Exam 1 Part 1

Given the term. Identify the definition through multiple choice answers

acanthocytosis

The patient’s red blood cells have a thorny or spiked appearance

acephalia

Congenital absence of the head.

allostery

In bacteria, alteration of a regulatory site on a protein that changes its shape and activity.

alogia

Complete speechlessness.

analgesic

A drug that relieves pain.

angiology

study of blood vessels

antibiosis

An association or relationship between two organisms in which one is harmful to the other.

anticytotoxin

An agent that opposes the action of a cytotoxin.

apraxia

Inability to perform purposive movements

arthritides

inflammation of the joints, often accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity. Plural version

arthritis

Inflammation of the joints, often accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity

arthrology

The scientific study of joints.

arthrosclerosis

Stiffening or hardening of the joints, esp. in the aged.

biologist

A specialist in biology.

bradycardia

A slow heartbeat marked by a pulse rate below 60 beats per minute in an adult.

cardioangiology

The science of the heart and blood vessels.

dysostosis

Defective ossification.

ectostosis

Formation of bone beneath the periosteum.

encephalolith

A calculus of the brain.

endarteritis

Inflammation of the endothelium, the innermost layer of a blood vessel.

endosteum

The membrane lining the marrow cavity of a bone.

endotoxin

A lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

epinephrine

a catecholamine produced by the adrenal gland, secreted when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.

episcleritis

Inflammation of the subconjunctival layers of the sclera.

erythrocyte

A circulating cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen to tissue;

erythroleukemia

A variant of acute myelogenous leukemia with anemia, bizarre red blood cell morphology, erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow, and occasionally hepatosplenomegaly.

erythrosis

A reddish-purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes in polycythemia.

exocardia

A congenitally abnormal position of the heart.

exotoxin

A toxin produced and released by bacteria, e.g., staphylococci, streptococci, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas spp, and Escherichia coli.

hemicrania

Unilateral head pain, usually migraine.

hypalgesia

A lessened sensitivity to pain; the opposite of hyperalgesia.

hyperalgesia

An excessive sensitivity to pain;

hyperostosis

An abnormal growth of osseous tissue.

leukotoxin

A type of exotoxin that impairs or destroys host white blood cells

lithiasis

Stone formation.

mesocardia

The location of the heart in the midline of the thorax.

nephrolithiasis

The presence of calculi (stones) in the kidney.

nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the connective tissues of the kidneys

neuritis

Inflammation of a nerve, usually associated with a degenerative process.

osteometry

the study and measurement of the human or animal skeleton,

osteosclerosis

An abnormal increase in thickening and density of bone.

ostosis

the formation of bone or ossification

pericyte

A stem cell that may give rise to smooth muscle cells. Such cells are often found around capillaries.

perinephric

located around or surrounding the kidney

scleromalacia

A softening of the sclera.

sclerosis

A hardening or induration of an organ or tissue,

stenotic

The constriction or narrowing of a passage or orifice.

stereology

the study of three-dimensional aspects of objects.

synosteology

The branch of medical science concerned with joints and articulations.

tachycardiac

An abnormally rapid heart rate, typically faster than 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adults.

acrocephaly

The condition of having a malformed cranial vault with a high or peaked appearance and a vertical index above 77.

allodynia

The perception of an ordinarily painless stimulus as painful

amphibious

Able to live or function both on land and in water.

analogy

Likeness between similar features of two things, allowing a comparison.

anastomosis

A natural communication between two vessels.

anatoxin

1. Toxoid. 2. A powerful nerve toxin produced by certain blue-green algae.

anemic

having a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or low hemoglobin

antilipemic

Preventing or counteracting the accumulation of fatty substances in the blood

asynergy

Lack of coordination among parts or organs normally acting together.

carcinoma

a type of cancer that starts in the epithelial cells,

cheirospasm

any spasm of the muscles in the hand

chiromegaly

abnormal enlargment of the hands

cholangioma

tumor of a bile duct

cholelithiasis

presence or formation of gallstones

colicystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

colonocyte

cell of the colon

diploid

having two complete sets of chromosomes

dyschiria

abnormal sensation or perception involving a limb

endostoma

opening or mouth located on the inside

enterocystocele

herniation of the intestine into the urinary bladder or bladder region

enterostenosis

narrowing of the intestine

epigastrium

upper middle region of the abdomen

esogastritis

inflammation of the esophagus and stomach

eubiotics

substances or practices that promote a healthy balance of microorganisms

gastroenteric

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

hematoma

localized collection of blood outside blood vessels

hemopericardium

blood within the pericardial sac surrounding the heart

heparin

anticoagulant substance that prevents blood clotting

hepatosplenomegaly

enlargement of the liver and spleen

heterocephalus

condition involving an abnormal difference in the development of the head

homology

similarity in structure or origin due to common ancestry

hyperemia

excess blood in a tissue or organ

lipocyte

fat cell

lipoid

resembling or relating to fat

macrocythemia

abnormal increase in the size of red blood cells

megalocephaly

abnormally large head

melanoma

malignant tumor arising from melanocytes

metabiosis

relationship in which one organism alters the environment so another organism can live there

microbe

microscopic organism

microstomia

abnormally small mouth

pachymeter

instrument used to measure thickness

parabiosis

abnormal or unusual association between two organisms

paraneural

located beside or near a nerve

parenteral

administered by a route other than the gastrointestinal tract, usually by injection

pseudoanemia

condition that resembles anemia but is not true anemia

pyonephrosis

accumulation of pus within the kidney

sarcomatoid

resembling a sarcoma

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

stomatocyte

red blood cell with a mouth-shaped area of central pallor

symbiosis

close biological relationship between two different organisms