Pediatric Nursing Growth and Development (0-18 Years)

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the pediatric nursing lecture on growth and development across infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, school age, and adolescence.

Emancipated Minors

Self-supporting children under 18 years of age (married, pregnant, fathered a child, or incarcerated) who can give informed consent for themselves and their child.

Mature Minors

Non-self-supporting children aged 14 to 18 years who may give consent for limited conditions, including STI testing and treatment, contraception, substance abuse treatment, and mental health treatment.

Assent

Voluntary agreement by a child to participate in medical research or treatment.

Family Systems Theory

A nursing theory that views the family as an interconnected and interdependent emotional unit where individual behavior and well-being are influenced by system dynamics.

Family Stress Theory

A framework for understanding how families cope with stressful events, emphasizing that non-routine or unexpected events cause greater stress.

Therapeutic Play

A type of play that presents a direct opportunity for hospitalized children to deal with fears or concerns regarding their health.

Dramatic Play

Play in which medical situations and healthcare procedures are reenacted by the child to process anxiety.

FLACC Pain Scale

An observational pain measurement tool for nonverbal patients that evaluates Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability on a 0 to 2 scale.

Goodness of Fit

A concept used when counseling parents regarding the wide diversity possible in children's individual behavioral characteristics and temperaments.

Anticipatory Guidance

Educational guidance provided to parents by nurses regarding age-appropriate developmental norms and safety measures to expect next.

Object Permanence

A cognitive developmental milestone achieved between 8 and 12 months of age wherein an infant understands that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

Pincer Grasp

A fine motor skill developing between 6 and 12 months of age where small objects are picked up using the thumb and index finger.

Oral Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage during infancy where satisfaction and pleasure are derived primarily through sucking and eating.

Trust versus Mistrust

Erikson's psychosocial stage for infants focused on establishing trust in primary caregivers to meet basic needs.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's cognitive stage (birth to 2 years) where learning takes place through movement, sensory experiences, cause-and-effect relationships, and object permanence.

Physiologic Anorexia

A normal decrease in appetite occurring in toddlers due to a significantly slowed growth rate compared to infancy.

Anal Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage during toddlerhood where bodily control and elimination are primary drivers of behavior.

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

Erikson's psychosocial stage for toddlers centered on achieving independence in motor skills, self-feeding, dressing, and hygiene.

Parallel Play

A play pattern characteristic of toddlers where children play alongside each other using similar toys without direct interaction.

Phallic Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage during preschool years where a child initially identifies with the parent of the opposite sex and eventually with the same-sex parent.

Initiative versus Guilt

Erikson's psychosocial stage for preschoolers where the child actively initiates play, exploration, and new activities.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's cognitive stage (ages 2 to 7) marked by increased verbal skills, symbolic thought, egocentrism, magical thinking, and logical limitations.

Transductive Reasoning

A cognitive thought process typical of preschoolers where conclusions are drawn by connecting one particular fact to another.

Centration

The cognitive limitation of focusing on only one specific feature of an object or situation while ignoring all other aspects.

Animism

The belief held by preoperational children that inanimate objects possess lifelike qualities, intentions, and feelings.

Associative Play

Group play typical of 3-year-olds where children engage in similar or identical activities without rigid organization or rules.

Food Jags

A behavioral phenomenon common in preschoolers where a child insists on eating only a few specific foods for days or weeks at a time.

Chelation Therapy

The medical administration of an agent that binds with lead to facilitate excretion, indicated for children with blood lead levels greater than $44\,\mu\text{g/dL}$.

TEN-4 Bruising Rule

A physical screening rule for Abusive Head Trauma where bruising on the Torso, Ears, or Neck in a child under 4 months of age is considered a high-risk red flag.

Latency Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage during school age where sexual energy is repressed and emphasis shifts to privacy, peer relationships, and body understanding.

Industry versus Inferiority

Erikson's psychosocial stage for school-age children focused on learning new skills, completing tasks, and deriving pride and self-worth from accomplishments.

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's cognitive stage (ages 7 to 11) characterized by an understanding of conservation, cause-and-effect relationships, and concrete logical reasoning.

Cooperative Play

Organized group play characteristic of school-age children involving rules, division of labor, shared goals, and teamwork.

Genital Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage during adolescence centered on mature genital function and establishing sexual/romantic relationships.

Identity versus Role Confusion

Erikson's psychosocial stage during adolescence focused on establishing a personal self-identity, achieving independence from parents, and relying on peers.

Formal Operations Stage

Piaget's final cognitive stage beginning in adolescence characterized by the capability for mature, abstract, and systematic theoretical thought.

Developmental Disabilities

Chronic conditions resulting from physical, cognitive, language, or behavioral impairments that significantly impact daily functioning across a child's development.