Forest Succession

Grass-forb

Forbs, grasses and shrubs

dominate the site. Seedlings

may be present.

Shrub-seedling

Trees tend to share and

then begin to dominate the

site. The intolerant species

grow rapidly and dominate

over tolerant species.

Sapling-pole

Trees eventually overtop and

out-compete the forbs and

shrubs. The intolerant trees

continue rapid height growth

while the tolerant trees occupy

their respective niche.

Young

Growth is still rapid. Tree-to-tree

competition may be severe

resulting in competition caused

mortality. Any intolerant

individuals that drop behind may

die and their growing space may

be occupied by tolerant trees.

Mature

Competition caused mortality

continues. Both intolerant and

tolerant trees may share the main

canopy. In mixed conifer stands

there may be a distinct layering of

intolerants and tolerants.

Climax

A relatively stable plant

community which has a dominant

plant population suited to the

environment. Tolerant species

dominate the site and the climax

species will reproduce

successfully under their own

shade. These species will

maintain the community under

the current climatic conditions.

Intolerant trees cannot

reproduce.