Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) - Lessons 1-4

Comprehensive vocabulary definitions covering institutional principles, health care system infrastructure, Philippine health laws, and health informatics from Lessons 1 to 4.

Educational Institution

A place where learners of different ages gain education, categorized into formal and informal types.

Formal education

A conventional classroom setup whereby a governing body administers a structured learning method in a school or other institution.

Informal education

Anything learned independently outside of the conventional classroom.

Vision Statement

The end desire aspiration of an academic institution; usually a clear, concise, one-sentence statement with an average length of $14$ words.

Mission Statement

A one-sentence statement relating the intention of an institution's existence, aiming for $5$ to $14$ words, with a maximum of $20$ words.

Value Statement

A list of fundamental doctrines that guide and direct the educational institution and its belief, creating a moral direction and yardstick for any action.

Educational Objectives

Short statements that learners should achieve within or at the end of the course or lesson.

Health Care System (Roemer, 1991)

The combination of resources, organization, financing, and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.

Health system (WHO, 2000)

All the organizations, institutions, and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.

Vital Health System Functions

These include Health Service Provision, Health Service Inputs, Stewardship, and Health Financing.

Health Financing sub-functions

Includes revenue collection, risk pooling, and strategic purchasing.

WHO Health System Framework Essential Groups

Leadership or governance, health care financing, health workforce, medical products, vaccines, and technologies, health information, and service delivery.

The Generics Act of 1988

Requires prescriptions to be written using the generic name of the drug to lower expenditure on medicines by promoting non-branded options.

RA 7160 “Local Government Code” (1991)

Transferred the responsibility of health service provisions to the local government units (LGUs).

National Health Insurance Act of 1995

Aims to provide all citizens a mechanism for financial protection with priority given to the poor.

FOURmula One (F1) for Health (2005)

Adoption of an operational framework to undertake health reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination.

Universal Health Care Law (2019)

Enrolled all Filipino citizens automatically in the National Health Insurance Program administered by Philhealth.

Decentralized structure

A system where the state is represented by national offices and the local government units (LGUs), including provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels.

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Essential health care based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods, universally accessible to individuals via the Declaration of Alma-Ata.

Health care delivery

The rendering of health care services to the people.

Health care delivery system

The network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people.

Authority

A manager’s formal and legitimate right to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve outcomes.

Line authority

Managers have the formal power to direct and control immediate subordinates.

Functional authority

Managers have formal power over a specific subset of activities.

Staff authority

Granted to specialists to advise, recommend, and counsel in their area of expertise rather than ordering or instructing.

Centralization

The location of decision-making authority near top organizational levels.

Formalization

The written documentation used to direct and control employees.

Staffing

The assignment of individuals to responsible positions identified in a management plan, determining required competencies via Key Result Areas (KRAs).

Primary level health care facilities

Includes rural health units, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and private clinics operated by voluntary or civic groups.

Secondary level health care facilities

Smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals such as emergency and regional hospitals for symptomatic diseases requiring moderate specialization.

Tertiary level health care facilities

Medical centers and specialized national hospitals that offer highly technological and sophisticated services for serious health threats.

Health Information Technology (HIT)

The area of IT involving the design, development, creation, use, and maintenance of information systems for the healthcare industry.

Electronic health record (EHR)

A person’s official digital health record that is shared among multiple healthcare providers and agencies; it is the central component of health IT infrastructure.

PACS and VNAs

Types of health IT that help healthcare professionals store and manage patients’ medical images.

Health Interoperability Ecosystem

A composition of individuals, systems, and processes that want to share, exchange, and access all forms of health information.

CHITS

An electronic medical record (EMR) primarily designed for use in Philippine health centers in disadvantaged areas through IT and health worker collaboration.