unit 6 box notes 17-34

sepoy mutiny

sepoy mutiny

(also called the Sepoy Rebellion) called for Hindus and Muslims to unite against the British.

• The British were able to crush the revolt

• Left bitter feelings

the boer war

when Britain decided to annex the Boer republics but the Boers resisted and soon the war began. It lasted from 1899 to 1902 and the British eventually won, but suffered many casualties.

the meiji restoration

the period from 1868 to 1912

• 1867- A rebellion in Japan began that removed the power of the Japanese shogun.

• 1868- The emperor was established as the leader of Japan

• Meiji reformers wanted to strengthen Japan.

• Government officials traveled overseas to learn about the western government, economics, technology, and customs.

• Allowed foreign exports (goods) into Japan

the taiping rebellion

resulted in millions of Chinese deaths and weakened China.

• 1850-1864- Chinese peasants, angry at their poverty and at corrupt Qing officials, rose up to revolt.

• Peasant leader Hong Xiuquan set himself up as a prophet

• He was influenced by Christian missionaries and their teachings

• He endorsed radical ideas such as social equality and land reform.

• Russia took advantage and took control of land along China’s northern border

self strengthening movement

was launched in the 1860s was devoted to economic and military (but not social) reform.

• A concubine to the emperor, Cixi became a major figure in the Chinese court.

• She gained the position of a regent, and “ruled” China through her nephew Guangxu.

• Cixi’s conservative leadership opposed reform and the self-strengthening movement, and the influence of the Qing became more oppressive.

• Cixi had Guangxu arrested for seriously listening to advice from reformers, who she regarded as traitors.

• During this period, outlying provinces (Tibet, Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan) began to gain more independence or they fell under the domination of foriegn powers

regent

the position Cixi gained in the Chinese court

boxer rebellion

A movement against foreign domination of the country.

• 1900 the Boxers assaulted foreign communities across China in a conflict known as the Boxer rebellion.

• Armies from Japan and the west crushed the uprising.

• China was forced to grant more concessions to foreign powers.

• After this defeat, Chinese called for western Reforms. 

palm oil

• Lubricant for machinery – West African trade after slave trade ended 

guano

Bird and bat dung – used as fertilizer

textile production

• in india

  • Cheap British textiles made by women – Indian produced textiles go out of business 

opium wars

through this war, the French and the British expanded their influence in China

spheres of influence

Areas in which an outside power claimed exclusive trade privileges

open door policy

• Proposed equal trading rights for all nations in China

  • Discourage European powers from further dividing up China

  • Keeps China open to trade with all nations

  • all nations agreed to this EXCEPT for China

sepoys

were angered by the British as they demanded that soldiers follow rules that were against Sepoy religious beliefs

british east india company

was ended after Britain changed their policies

indian national congress

(1885) a group of Indians formed this.

muslim league

(1906) Muslims broke away from the Indian National Congress and formed this

shaka

the person who organized Zulu warriors into a fighting force

zulu

warriors who were organized into a fighting force

boers

the name of Dutch farmers who had settled in southern Africa in the mid 1600s

cape colony

Dutch territory acquired by the British in the 1800s

union of south africa

British combined with the Boer republics with the Cape Colony to form this

commodore matthew perry

(1854) led American warships to Japan

• Perry presents a letter from the United States President asking that Japan open its ports to trade

• Europeans and Americans wanted to use Japan to resupply their ships.

• Japan was impressed by American power and signed a treaty that ended Japan’s isolation

hong xiuquan

a peasent leader who set himself up as a prophet during the Taiping Rebellion. He was influenced by Chrisstain missionaries and their teachings

• he endorsed radical ideas such as social equality and land reform

qing government

was thrown into chaos after the Taiping Rebellion

cixi

a concubine to the emperor who became a major figure in the Chinese court.

• her conservative leadership opposed reform and the self-strengthening movement, and the influence of the Qing became more oppressive.

guanxu

Cixi’s nephew who she “ruled” through

boxers

assaulted foreign communities across China during the Boxer rebellion

copper/gold and diamond mines

The need for specialized and limited metals for industrial production, as well as the global demand for ______ as forms of wealth, led to the development of extensive mining centers, such as _______ mines in South Africa