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sepoy mutiny
(also called the Sepoy Rebellion) called for Hindus and Muslims to unite against the British.
The British were able to crush the revolt
Left bitter feelings
the boer war
when Britain decided to annex the Boer republics but the Boers resisted and soon the war began. It lasted from 1899 to 1902 and the British eventually won, but suffered many casualties.
the meiji restoration
the period from 1868 to 1912
1867- A rebellion in Japan began that removed the power of the Japanese shogun.
1868- The emperor was established as the leader of Japan
Meiji reformers wanted to strengthen Japan.
Government officials traveled overseas to learn about the western government, economics, technology, and customs.
Allowed foreign exports (goods) into Japan
the taiping rebellion
resulted in millions of Chinese deaths and weakened China.
1850-1864- Chinese peasants, angry at their poverty and at corrupt Qing officials, rose up to revolt.
Peasant leader Hong Xiuquan set himself up as a prophet
He was influenced by Christian missionaries and their teachings
He endorsed radical ideas such as social equality and land reform.
Russia took advantage and took control of land along China’s northern border
self strengthening movement
was launched in the 1860s was devoted to economic and military (but not social) reform.
A concubine to the emperor, Cixi became a major figure in the Chinese court.
She gained the position of a regent, and “ruled” China through her nephew Guangxu.
Cixi’s conservative leadership opposed reform and the self-strengthening movement, and the influence of the Qing became more oppressive.
Cixi had Guangxu arrested for seriously listening to advice from reformers, who she regarded as traitors.
During this period, outlying provinces (Tibet, Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan) began to gain more independence or they fell under the domination of foriegn powers
regent
the position Cixi gained in the Chinese court
boxer rebellion
A movement against foreign domination of the country.
1900 the Boxers assaulted foreign communities across China in a conflict known as the Boxer rebellion.
Armies from Japan and the west crushed the uprising.
China was forced to grant more concessions to foreign powers.
After this defeat, Chinese called for western Reforms.
palm oil
Lubricant for machinery – West African trade after slave trade ended
guano
Bird and bat dung – used as fertilizer
textile production
in india
Cheap British textiles made by women – Indian produced textiles go out of business
opium wars
through this war, the French and the British expanded their influence in China
spheres of influence
Areas in which an outside power claimed exclusive trade privileges
open door policy
Proposed equal trading rights for all nations in China
Discourage European powers from further dividing up China
Keeps China open to trade with all nations
all nations agreed to this EXCEPT for China
sepoys
were angered by the British as they demanded that soldiers follow rules that were against Sepoy religious beliefs
british east india company
was ended after Britain changed their policies
indian national congress
(1885) a group of Indians formed this.
muslim league
(1906) Muslims broke away from the Indian National Congress and formed this
shaka
the person who organized Zulu warriors into a fighting force
zulu
warriors who were organized into a fighting force
boers
the name of Dutch farmers who had settled in southern Africa in the mid 1600s
cape colony
Dutch territory acquired by the British in the 1800s
union of south africa
British combined with the Boer republics with the Cape Colony to form this
commodore matthew perry
(1854) led American warships to Japan
Perry presents a letter from the United States President asking that Japan open its ports to trade
Europeans and Americans wanted to use Japan to resupply their ships.
Japan was impressed by American power and signed a treaty that ended Japan’s isolation
hong xiuquan
a peasent leader who set himself up as a prophet during the Taiping Rebellion. He was influenced by Chrisstain missionaries and their teachings
he endorsed radical ideas such as social equality and land reform
qing government
was thrown into chaos after the Taiping Rebellion
cixi
a concubine to the emperor who became a major figure in the Chinese court.
her conservative leadership opposed reform and the self-strengthening movement, and the influence of the Qing became more oppressive.
guanxu
Cixi’s nephew who she “ruled” through
boxers
assaulted foreign communities across China during the Boxer rebellion
copper/gold and diamond mines
The need for specialized and limited metals for industrial production, as well as the global demand for ______ as forms of wealth, led to the development of extensive mining centers, such as _______ mines in South Africa
