2.11 Mid - Unit Test: The Chemistry of Life

What is Matter?

Anything in the universe that has space and takes up mass.

What is an element?

A chemical substance that contains only one kind of atom and that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

What can an element’s properties show?

How the element interacts with the world around it.

What are two of the most important elements used by humans?

Iron and Copper.

Periodic Table of Elements

The chart that scientists use to identify all known elements in the universe.

4 Elements that make up 96% of living things

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Letter symbols on each element represent what?

The single atom of that element.

What is the most abundant element in the universe?

Hydrogen.

What percentage of the universe does hydrogen make up?

Hydrogen makes up 75% of the matter of the universe.

What is an atom?

A tiny particle that is the fundamental building block of all substances and whose properties determine the properties of an element made up only of those atoms.

What are three kinds of molecules atoms consist of?

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

What are protons?

A positively charged particle found in the nuclei of atoms.

What are neutrons?

A neutral particle with approximately the same mass as a proton, found in nuclei of atoms along with protons.

What are electrons?

A tiny part of an atom with a negative electrical charge.

An atom that has the same number of protons and neutrons has what kind of charge?

A neutral electric charge or no charge.

When an atom loses an electron, what kind of charge does it have?

A positive electrical charge.

What an atom gains an electron, what charge does it have?

A negative electrical charge.

What is an ion?

An atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge

What is the atomic number of an atom?

The number of protons an atom has in its nucleus.

What are all matter, living and non living, made of?

Elements and atoms.

Which statement best explains why carbon is present in so many kinds of molecules?

It can form four covalent bonds.

Which phrase best describes the role carbon plays in the structure of compounds present in living things?

A fundamental role.

Which molecules are considered organic?

Those that contain carbon.

Which statement describes carbon's unique bonding ability?

Carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.

Which carbon-based compounds are essential to living things?

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic Acids, and proteins.