LEADERSHIP THEORIES AND STYLES

1. behavioral approaches in leadership

2. contingency or situational approach

leadership theories and styles

1. how leaders motivate people

2. how leaders use power

3. orientation toward task and people

behavioral approaches in leadership

1. positive leadership - focused on giving rewards

2. negative leadership - focused on punishment

how leaders motivate people leadership styles

1. autocratic stye

2. human relations style

3. laissez-faire style

4. democratic style

how leaders use power leadership styles

autocratic style

leaders who make decisions without consulting subordinates and use threats

human relations style

this style places more importance on people than on task

human relations style

also called participative leadership

laissez-faire style

this style focuses on minimum effort to get the work done

democratic style

this style puts equal importance and emphasis on both people and tasks to be done

1. employee oriented

2. task oriented

orientation toward task and people leadership styles

1. fiedler’s contingency model

2. hersey-blanchard situation leadership model

3. path-goal leadership model

4. vroom’s decision-making model

four approaches under contingency or situational approach

fiedler’s contingency model

suggests that effective leadership depends on the match between leadership style and situational demands

1. changing the leader’s traits or behavior to suit the style needed for the situation

2. selecting leaders who exhibit traits or behavior fit to the situation

3. moving leaders around in the organization until they are in positions that fi them

4. changing the situation

fiedler’s contingency model approaches

hersey-blanchard situation leadership model

suggests that to become an effective leader, one must be able to adjust their leadership styles based on the level of maturity of their subordinates

1. delegating

2. participating

3. selling

4. telling

hersey-blanchard situation leadership model leadership styles

delegating

allows subordinates to take responsibility for task decisions

participating

emphasizes share ideas and participative decisions on task direction and performance

selling

emphasizes and explaining task directions in supportive and persuasive way

telling

emphasizes giving specific task directions and instructions and closely supervising work

path-goal leadership model

suggests that effective leadership depends are able to influence the perceptions or outlooks of their subordinates in terms of their work goals, personal goals, and paths to goal attainment

1. directive leadership

2. supportive leadership

3. achievement-oriented leadership

4. participative leadership

path-goal leadership model leadership styles

directive leadership

involves letting subordinates know what is expected of their work, giving directions on what and how to do the work

supportive leadership

involves making work pleasant for the subordinates

achievement-oriented leadership

set challenging goals, expect high level of performance, emphasizes continuous improvement on performance

participative leadership

involves subordinates in decision making, consulting with subordinates, asking for suggestions and using these suggestions when making decisions

vroom’s decision making model

suggests that there is a proper leadership style to be used for various situations based on the degree of delegation needed for decision making authority

1. autocratic

2. consultative

3. group directed

vroom’s decision-making model leadership styles

autocratic

leader solves the problems and makes decisions by himself using information available without consulting the subordinates

consultative

leader approaches subordinate individually and asks for their ideas before making a decision

group directed

leader shares the problems with subordinates as a group, let the group generate and evaluate alternative solutions, and then make a collective decision based on the recommendations given by the group